High Traditional Masculinity and Suicide: Testing Direct, Moderation and Mediation Models

项目摘要 自杀是美国第十大死因，男性第八大死因。在美国，约75%的人死于自杀 自杀死亡是男性中的一种。2自杀死亡中男性和女性的巨大性别比例表明了一种可能的途径 了解自杀行为--找出男性自杀率较高的原因可能 为自杀预防和干预有自杀风险的人提供一个杠杆点。科尔曼和 同事们发现，传统男子气概(HTM)高的男性自杀死亡的可能性是男性的2.4倍。 第一项表明这种联系的研究，它与男性气概作用的理论模型是一致的 自杀死亡的社会化15、18、19以及对男性和自杀性的定性研究。20如果初步证据 HTM与自杀死亡的联系被证明是强有力的，它将带来新的能量和对性别角色的关注 知情的自杀预防和干预。一般社会调查--国家死亡指数(GSS-NDI)， 这项研究的数据来源是一系列年度或每隔一年的全国代表性调查(GSS) 这与2011年开始的死亡记录相匹配。32，33 GSS-NDI提供了一个无与伦比的机会 测试HTM与自杀死亡的关系，以提供有关这种关系如何变化的第一个已知信息 性别、年龄和种族/民族，并检查HTM与自杀死亡关系的可能中介因素 包括自杀可接受性和外化行为。大多数关于男子气概和自杀意念的研究 尝试使用自我报告测量认可男性规范或男性意识形态，5，6，而我们的 研究小组正在开发一种性别角色取向的间接潜在概率模型，即m-f因素， 对自杀研究来说是新的，但以前也在其他实质性领域使用过Add Health数据集48，49 其他大型队列研究。50遵循科尔曼和他的同事2020年，我们将编码那些得分1的标准 M-f因子偏差或更大，如HTM。COX生存模型将被用来检验 HTM，人口统计学对HTM-自杀关系的调节，以及HTM-自杀的中介因素 两性关系。M-f因子在自杀研究中的新应用，以及将研究与死亡联系起来的创新 记录，开启了研究男子气概对自杀死亡影响的可能性。具有代表性的样本GSS- NDI在自杀死者中提供了前所未有的年龄、性别和种族/民族多样性，提供 对男性气概-自杀死亡假说的稳健而细微的测试，推动了男性气概科学的发展和 超越理论联系的自杀和初步结果。

Project Summary Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the US, and the eighth in men.17 In the US, approximately 75% of suicide deaths are among men.2 The large male-female gender ratio in suicide deaths points to a possible pathway to understanding suicidal behavior – identifying what accounts for the greater prevalence of male suicides may provide a leverage point for suicide prevention and intervention with those at risk of suicide. Coleman and colleagues’ finding that high traditional masculinity (HTM) men were 2.4 times more likely to die by suicide7 was the first study to show this connection, and it is consistent with theoretical models of the role of masculinity socialization in suicide death15,18,19 and qualitative studies of men and suicidality.20 If the preliminary evidence of a link of HTM to suicide death7 is shown to be robust, it will bring new energy and attention to gender-role informed suicide prevention and intervention. The General Social Survey – National Death Index (GSS-NDI), the data source for this study, is a series of annual or every-other year nationally representative surveys (the GSS) that was matched with death records starting in 2011.32,33 The GSS-NDI provides an unparalleled opportunity to test the relationship of HTM to suicide death, to provide the first known information about how this varies by gender, age and race/ethnicity, and to examine possible mediators of the relationship of HTM to suicide death including suicide acceptability and externalizing behavior. Most research on masculinity and suicidal ideation or attempts uses self-report measures of endorsement of masculine norms or masculinity ideology,5,6 while our research group is developing use of an indirect latent probability model of gender role orientation, the m-f factor, novel to suicide research but previously used in other substantive areas with the Add Health dataset48,49 as well other large cohort studies.50 Following Coleman and colleagues 2020, we will code those scoring 1 standard deviation or higher on m-f factor as HTM. Cox survival modeling will be used to test the direct relationship of HTM, moderation of the HTM – suicide relationship by demographics, and mediators of the HTM-suicide relationship. The novel use of m-f factor in suicide research, paired with the innovation of linking studies to death records, unlocks the potential to study the effect of masculinity on suicide death. The representative sample GSS- NDI delivers an unprecedented diversity of age, gender and race/ethnicity among suicide decedents, providing a robust and nuanced test of the masculinity-suicide death hypothesis, advancing the science of masculinity and suicide beyond theorized linkages and preliminary results.