Legions of the Popes II: A Case Study in Social and Political Transformation

教皇军团 II：社会和政治转型的案例研究

• 批准号: 288978882
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Mariano Barbato
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Centrum für Religion und Moderne (CRM)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/288978882?language=en
• 关键词: Legions; Popes; II; Case; Study

Legions of the Pope is a case study of a religious actor (papacy) and a religious practice (pilgrimage) that addresses major questions of political science. Interested in the shifting categories of nation states and world society, the project situates itself in the emerging field “Sociology of International Relations”. Therein the major focus is on the impact of the ongoing transformation processes of globalization and Europeanization on political power. Informed by a constructivist perspective, agency, practice and identity are seen as major factors that can explain structural order and power changes that go beyond economic and military capacity but rest on the sources of legitimate actorhood. The question of the role of religion is linked to the wider issues of nationalism and belonging, and the question how a social practice can turn ideas into power. The role of religious communities in a secular environment, here the pope in Europe, serves as a hard case to test actorness and agency. Pilgrim popes (popes travelling the world) and papal pilgrims (the masses of visitors to the pope in Rome or other places the pope travelled to) are analysed to show how mass mobilization can contribute to a revival of a declined great power as a transnational actor in a post-national society. The findings will shed light on the transformation of order and the question of agency within these transformations.Legions of the Pope examines how pilgrimages secure the public and political persistence of a religious community in the process of modernization and how they can influence public discourses and political decisions. Pilgrimage is a social practice that makes the faithful visible and enables the conversion of spiritual into political power: the pilgrims are the legions of the pope visible on parade. Pilgrimage is a special type of parade because it enables processes of identity construction that rest on experience, discourse and imagination. Pilgrimage is an important factor for modern identity construction. Benedict Anderson showed in his seminal “Imagined communities” (Anderson 1983) how important a secular version of pilgrimage was to establish a common identity of national communities in former colonies. Legions of the Pope shows how a religious version of pilgrimage was re-invented by the papacy in order to construct a new imagined community of faithful supporters. Through the experience of pilgrimage and the imaginations and narratives which are held true, interpreted and transported during and after such an experience, the identity and belonging of individuals and communities are reassured and stabilized and can even be re-invented. These experiences have a public and political impact. Like in Anderson’s case where nationalism lends credit and legitimacy to the state, religious pilgrimage lends credit and legitimacy to religious institutions.

教皇军团是一个宗教演员（教皇）和宗教实践（朝圣）的案例研究，解决了政治科学的主要问题。对民族国家和世界社会类别的变化感兴趣，该项目将自己定位在新兴领域“国际关系社会学”。其中的主要焦点是正在进行的全球化和欧洲化的转型过程对政治权力的影响。根据建构主义的观点，代理、实践和身份被视为可以解释结构秩序和权力变化的主要因素，这些变化超出了经济和军事能力，但取决于合法行为的来源。宗教的作用问题与民族主义和归属感等更广泛的问题以及社会实践如何将思想转化为力量的问题有关。宗教团体在世俗环境中扮演的角色，就像教皇在欧洲一样，是一个考验演员和能动性的艰难案例。本文分析了朝圣教皇（周游世界的教皇）和教皇朝圣者（前往罗马或教皇旅行过的其他地方拜访教皇的大批游客），以展示大规模动员如何有助于一个衰落的大国在后国家社会中作为跨国行动者的复兴。调查结果将阐明秩序的转变和这些转变中的机构问题。《教皇军团》考察了朝圣如何确保宗教团体在现代化进程中的公共和政治持久性，以及它们如何影响公共话语和政治决策。朝圣是一种社会实践，使信徒可见，并使精神力量转化为政治力量：朝圣者是游行中可见的教皇军团。朝圣是一种特殊类型的游行，因为它使基于经验、话语和想象的身份建构过程成为可能。朝圣是现代身份建构的重要因素。本尼迪克特·安德森（Benedict Anderson）在其开创性的著作《想象的社区》（Anderson 1983）中表明，世俗版本的朝圣对于在前殖民地建立民族社区的共同身份是多么重要。《教皇军团》展示了一个宗教版本的朝圣如何被教皇重新发明，以构建一个新的想象中的忠实支持者社区。通过朝圣的经历，以及在这种经历期间和之后的真实、解释和传播的想象和叙述，个人和社区的身份和归属得到了保证和稳定，甚至可以被重新创造。这些经历对公众和政治都有影响。就像在安德森的例子中，民族主义给国家带来了信誉和合法性，宗教朝圣给宗教机构带来了信誉和合法性。