Anthrosols of the Bale Mountains: Archives for the reconstruction of the chronology and intensity of human occupation and possible interactions with fire history and the destruction of Erica stands at the Sanetti Plateau

分项目P2(通过人为土壤和洼地沉积物的生物地球化学指标评估了人类对Sanetti高原(埃塞俄比亚Bale山脉)Erica植被的火灾历史和破坏)调查了(1)在避难所下方和洞穴中发育的人为土，记录了自10年以来和25-45000年间人类占领的年表和强度，但不是在全球末次冰川盛期期间。人类占领的详细年表仍然缺乏。(2)Erica碎片主要限于富含巨石的地点，假设巨石改善了控制树上线的温度。(3)洼地和湖泊中的沉积物记录了其集水区的干扰(火、气候、植被)。到目前为止，火的替代物(黑碳、木炭)和Erica花粉显示出不同时期沉积的最大值，并记录了区域差异的景观历史。第二阶段的目标是：(1)通过分析10ka BP以前的人为土，重建人类占领的年表和强度；通过分析湖泊和洼地沉积物中的人类生物标记物(与C2和P1)，重建人类影响的区域扩大和时间整合。(2)对Erica碎片的温度状况(P3和P6)、养分和水分供应进行了评价。(3)明确的ERICA分子标记的鉴定。(4)通过分析土壤和沉积物档案(C2、P3、P4、P5和P7)中的ERICA分子标记，重建ERICA的时空分布。

Subproject P2 (Human impact on fire history and destruction of Erica vegetation at the Sanetti Plateau (Bale Mountains, Ethiopia) as assessed by biogeochemical proxies of Anthrosols and depression sediments) investigates (1) Anthrosols developed below shelters and in caves, documenting the chronology and intensity of human occupation since 10 and between 25 - 45,000 years, but not during the global Last Glacial Maximum. A detailed chronology of human occupation is still lacking. (2) Erica fragments are mainly restricted to boulder-rich sites, assuming that boulders improve temperatures controlling the upper treeline. (3) Sediments in depressions and lakes document disturbances (fire, climate, vegetation) in their catchments. Up to now fire proxies (black carbon, charcoal) and Erica pollen showed diverging maxima, deposited during different periods and documenting a regionally diverging landscape history. The goals of Phase 2 are (1) the reconstruction of the chronology and intensity of human occupation by analysing Anthrosols older than 10 ka BP, and regional up-scaling and temporal integration of human impact by analysing human biomarkers in lake and depression sediments (with C2 and P1). (2) evaluation of the temperature regime (with P3 and P6), the nutrient and water supply of Erica fragments. (3) identification of unambiguous molecular Erica markers. (4) reconstruction of temporal and spatial distribution of Erica by analysing molecular Erica markers in soils and sediment archives (with C2, P3, P4, P5 and P7).