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Historic charcoal production in Brandenburg - analysis of the spatial dimension and the impacts on soil hydraulic properties

勃兰登堡历史木炭生产 - 空间维度分析及其对土壤水力特性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
290795526
负责人：
Dr. Anna Schneider
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/290795526?language=en
关键词：
Historic charcoal production Brandenburg analysis

项目摘要

Historic charcoal kiln sites are characterized by anthropogenic small scale relief-features and substrates, and are valuable archives of land use history. In addition, these legacies of historic charcoal production affect current soils and ecosystems. Despite the numerous studies on historic kiln sites in Central Europe, central questions regarding the relevance of charcoal production as a part of forest use history and its effects on soil properties are still unsolved. Mapping and analysis of kiln site distribution for continuous areas was hardly attempted, and the characterization of effects on soils and ecosystems is therefore mainly limited to single sites. These knowledge gaps are particularly evident in the Northern European Lowland, where studies on the spatial dimension of historic charcoal production are still sparse. Previous work, mainly the detailed studies in the probably largest archaeologically excavated historic charcoal kiln field in forefield of the open cast mine Jänschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany) indicates a considerable underestimation of the relevance of historic charcoal production as a part of the land use system, of the number of charcoal production areas and kiln sites, and therefore also of the relevance of their effects on soil on a landscape scale, especially for this region.The project therefore aims at describing and assessing the spatial dimensions of historic charcoal production and relevant effects on soil hydraulic properties for the area of the state of Brandenburg, as a part of the Northern European Lowland. GIS-based analyses and pedological field methods will be combined to achieve this aim. The constituent parts of the project are 1) the identification of charcoal production areas with a GIS-based model based on historic and recent information on landscape and land use structures; 2) the automated and areal mapping of kiln site positions and diameters within these areas based on high-resolution digital elevation models and the analysis of their spatial distribution in relation to natural and cultural landscape structures; 3) the characterization of soil hydraulic parameters of kiln sites using infiltration experiments and soil water regime monitoring; and 4) an assessment of the relevance of effects on soil water regimes at the landscape scale using a GIS-based integration of mapping and pedological results.

历史炭窑遗址以人为的小尺度地貌和基质为特征，是宝贵的土地利用历史档案。此外，这些历史上木炭生产的遗留问题影响到目前的土壤和生态系统。尽管对中欧的历史性窑址进行了许多研究，但关于木炭生产作为森林使用历史的一部分的相关性及其对土壤性质的影响的核心问题仍然没有解决。几乎没有试图对连续地区的窑址分布进行绘图和分析，因此，对土壤和生态系统影响的描述主要限于单一的窑址。这些知识差距在北方欧洲低地尤其明显，那里对历史木炭生产的空间方面的研究仍然很少。以前的工作，主要是在可能是最大的考古发掘历史木炭窑领域的露天矿扬施瓦尔德的forefield详细研究（德国科特布斯以北）的调查表明，人们大大低估了历史上木炭生产作为土地使用系统一部分的相关性，低估了木炭生产区和窑址的数量，因此，该项目旨在描述和评估勃兰登堡州历史木炭生产的空间尺度及其对土壤水力特性的相关影响，作为北方欧洲低地的一部分。基于GIS的分析和土壤学领域的方法将结合起来，以实现这一目标。该项目的组成部分是：（1）根据有关景观和土地使用结构的历史和最新信息，利用地理信息系统模型确定木炭生产区;（2）根据高分辨率数字高程模型，自动绘制这些地区内窑址位置和直径的区域图，并分析其相对于自然和文化景观结构的空间分布; 3）利用渗透实验和土壤水分状况监测对窑址土壤水力参数进行表征; 4）利用基于GIS的制图和土壤学结果的整合评估景观尺度上土壤水分状况影响的相关性。