"...wir sagen ab der internationalen Gelehrtenrepublik"? -- Germany's International Academic Relations between 1933-1945: Scientific transfer and cooperation practices between autarchy and hegemony for the example of philosophy and philology

该项目于2016年7月获得资助，重建1933年至1945年期间国家社会主义德国与世界其他国家之间的学术关系，即在严格限制和政治控制的科学体系条件下。在纳粹政权的早期，一种科学和人文学科的概念被传播开来，这种概念对科学的“国际性”极为批判；相反，一种特殊主义的科学概念受到青睐，其中“民族”位置关系和知识载体的种族生物学特征决定了知识的起源和有效性。国际科学界严厉批评了向外孤立西方影响和向内清洗人民的做法，这种做法迫使许多批评该政权和（或）犹太人体面的科学家和学者自1933年以来移居国外。尽管如此，德国与国外的科学联系仍然异常密切，这种联系几乎没有随着初期的战争准备而改变。反对国际科学交流的政治骚动甚至从20世纪30年代末开始明显减弱；越来越多的双边合作取代了国际交往，这种合作由于战争的初步胜利而得到了进一步的发展。自给自足和扩张的努力导致了NS科学概念的修改，现在将明确制定的霸权主张与侵略性的欧洲意识形态结合起来，并为此目的开发了专属的基础设施和合作形式。我们考察语言学和哲学的“国际性”，首先是通过科学期刊、国际会议和代表大会以及个人旅行活动。我们项目的物质基础是一个广泛的出版物数据库和来自德国教育部和联邦外交部的档案材料。我们申请继续我们的项目，主要是为了评估这些广泛的档案材料，这些材料包括旅行申请、许可证、禁令和报告，可以全面记录德国学者的旅行活动。项目组由柏林和海德堡的语言学家和哲学家组成，其中包括两名博士生，并与著名的当代历史学家和其他科学学科的历史学家合作。

The project, which has been funded since July 2016, reconstructs the academic relations between National Socialist Germany and the rest of the world in the period between 1933 and 1945, i.e. under the conditions of a strongly restricted and politically controlled scientific system. In the early years of the Nazi regime, a concept of the sciences and humanities was propagated that was extremely critical of the 'internationality' of the sciences; instead, a particularist conception of science was favoured, in which 'ethnic' location ties and racial-biological characteristics of the knowledge carriers were to determine the genesis and validity of knowledge. The international scientific community harshly criticized both the outward-looking isolation from Western influences and the inward-looking "cleansing" of the people, which had forced numerous scientists and scholars critical of the regime and/or of Jewish decent to emigrate since 1933. Nevertheless, scientific relations between Germany and abroad remained extraordinarily intensive, which hardly changed with the incipient war preparations. The political agitation against international scientific contacts even ebbed noticeably from the late 1930s onwards; instead of international contacts, more and more bilateral cooperations took the place of international ones, which gained further momentum as a result of the first successes in the war. Efforts at self-sufficiency and expansion led to modifications in the NS concept of science, which now combined explicitly formulated claims to hegemony with an aggressive European ideology and developed exclusive infrastructures and cooperation formats for this purpose. We examine the 'internationality' of the philologies and philosophy, above all by means of scientific journals, international conferences and congresses as well as individual travel activities. The material basis of our project is an extensive publication database and archive materials from the Reich Ministry of Education and the Federal Foreign Office. We apply for the continuation of our project primarily for the evaluation of these extensive archival materials, which, consisting of travel applications, permits, bans, and reports, allow comprehensive documentation of the travel activities of German scholars. The project group consists of Berlin and Heidelberg philologists and philosophers, including two doctoral students, and cooperates with renowned contemporary historians and historians of other scientific disciplines.