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"...wir sagen ab der internationalen Gelehrtenrepublik"? -- Germany's International Academic Relations between 1933-1945: Scientific transfer and cooperation practices between autarchy and hegemony for the example of philosophy and philology

“……我们说来自国际文字共和国”？

基本信息

批准号：
313271404
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Andrea Albrecht
金额：
--
依托单位：
Germanistisches Seminar
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/313271404?language=en
关键词：
...wir sagen ab der internationalen

项目摘要

The project, which has been funded since July 2016, reconstructs the academic relations between National Socialist Germany and the rest of the world in the period between 1933 and 1945, i.e. under the conditions of a strongly restricted and politically controlled scientific system. In the early years of the Nazi regime, a concept of the sciences and humanities was propagated that was extremely critical of the 'internationality' of the sciences; instead, a particularist conception of science was favoured, in which 'ethnic' location ties and racial-biological characteristics of the knowledge carriers were to determine the genesis and validity of knowledge. The international scientific community harshly criticized both the outward-looking isolation from Western influences and the inward-looking "cleansing" of the people, which had forced numerous scientists and scholars critical of the regime and/or of Jewish decent to emigrate since 1933. Nevertheless, scientific relations between Germany and abroad remained extraordinarily intensive, which hardly changed with the incipient war preparations. The political agitation against international scientific contacts even ebbed noticeably from the late 1930s onwards; instead of international contacts, more and more bilateral cooperations took the place of international ones, which gained further momentum as a result of the first successes in the war. Efforts at self-sufficiency and expansion led to modifications in the NS concept of science, which now combined explicitly formulated claims to hegemony with an aggressive European ideology and developed exclusive infrastructures and cooperation formats for this purpose. We examine the 'internationality' of the philologies and philosophy, above all by means of scientific journals, international conferences and congresses as well as individual travel activities. The material basis of our project is an extensive publication database and archive materials from the Reich Ministry of Education and the Federal Foreign Office. We apply for the continuation of our project primarily for the evaluation of these extensive archival materials, which, consisting of travel applications, permits, bans, and reports, allow comprehensive documentation of the travel activities of German scholars. The project group consists of Berlin and Heidelberg philologists and philosophers, including two doctoral students, and cooperates with renowned contemporary historians and historians of other scientific disciplines.

该项目自2016年7月开始资助，重建了1933年至1945年期间，即在严格限制和政治控制的科学体系条件下，国家社会主义德国与世界其他国家之间的学术关系。纳粹政权初期，传播了一种科学与人文的概念，对科学的“国际性”极为批判；相反，特殊主义的科学概念受到青睐，其中知识载体的“种族”位置联系和种族生物学特征将决定知识的起源和有效性。国际科学界严厉批评了外向的与西方影响的隔离和内向的对人民的“清洗”，这迫使自1933年以来众多批评该政权和/或犹太血统的科学家和学者移居国外。尽管如此，德国与国外之间的科学关系仍然异常密切，这种关系几乎没有随着战争准备的初期而改变。自 20 世纪 30 年代末以来，针对国际科学交流的政治骚动甚至明显减弱。越来越多的双边合作取代了国际接触，取代了国际合作，这种合作由于战争的初步胜利而获得了进一步的动力。自给自足和扩张的努力导致了国家科学概念的修改，它现在将明确提出的霸权主张与侵略性的欧洲意识形态结合起来，并为此目的开发了专有的基础设施和合作形式。我们首先通过科学期刊、国际会议和代表大会以及个人旅行活动来研究语言学和哲学的“国际性”。我们项目的物质基础是来自帝国教育部和联邦外交部的广泛出版物数据库和档案材料。我们申请继续我们的项目主要是为了评估这些广泛的档案材料，其中包括旅行申请、许可证、禁令和报告，可以全面记录德国学者的旅行活动。该项目组由柏林和海德堡的语言学家和哲学家组成，其中包括两名博士生，并与当代著名历史学家和其他科学学科的历史学家合作。