"...wir sagen ab der internationalen Gelehrtenrepublik"? -- Germany's International Academic Relations between 1933-1945: Scientific transfer and cooperation practices between autarchy and hegemony for the example of philosophy and philology

该项目自2016年7月以来一直得到资助，重建了1933年至1945年期间国家社会主义德国与世界其他国家之间的学术关系，即在一个受到强烈限制和政治控制的科学体系的条件下。在纳粹政权的早期，人们宣扬了一种科学和人文的概念，该概念对科学的“国际性”提出了极大的批评；取而代之的是一种特殊的科学概念，在这种概念中，知识载体的“种族”位置关系和种族-生物特征决定了知识的起源和有效性。国际科学界严厉批评了对西方影响的外向孤立和对人民的内向“清洗”，这迫使自1933年以来批评该政权和/或犹太体面的许多科学家和学者移居国外。尽管如此，德国与国外的科学关系仍然异常密切，这种关系几乎没有随着战争准备的初期而改变。从20世纪30年代末开始，反对国际科学接触的政治骚动甚至明显减弱；越来越多的双边合作取代了国际合作，这是由于战争的第一次胜利而获得了进一步的势头。自给自足和扩张的努力导致了对NS科学概念的修改，它现在将明确提出的霸权主张与咄咄逼人的欧洲意识形态结合在一起，并为此目的开发了专有的基础设施和合作模式。我们首先通过科学期刊、国际会议和大会以及个人旅行活动来检验哲学和哲学的‘国际性’。我们项目的物质基础是一个广泛的出版物数据库和来自帝国教育部和联邦外交部的档案材料。我们申请继续我们的项目，主要是为了对这些广泛的档案材料进行评估，这些材料包括旅行申请、许可证、禁令和报告，允许全面记录德国学者的旅行活动。该项目小组由柏林和海德堡的语言学家和哲学家组成，其中包括两名博士生，并与著名的当代历史学家和其他科学学科的历史学家合作。

The project, which has been funded since July 2016, reconstructs the academic relations between National Socialist Germany and the rest of the world in the period between 1933 and 1945, i.e. under the conditions of a strongly restricted and politically controlled scientific system. In the early years of the Nazi regime, a concept of the sciences and humanities was propagated that was extremely critical of the 'internationality' of the sciences; instead, a particularist conception of science was favoured, in which 'ethnic' location ties and racial-biological characteristics of the knowledge carriers were to determine the genesis and validity of knowledge. The international scientific community harshly criticized both the outward-looking isolation from Western influences and the inward-looking "cleansing" of the people, which had forced numerous scientists and scholars critical of the regime and/or of Jewish decent to emigrate since 1933. Nevertheless, scientific relations between Germany and abroad remained extraordinarily intensive, which hardly changed with the incipient war preparations. The political agitation against international scientific contacts even ebbed noticeably from the late 1930s onwards; instead of international contacts, more and more bilateral cooperations took the place of international ones, which gained further momentum as a result of the first successes in the war. Efforts at self-sufficiency and expansion led to modifications in the NS concept of science, which now combined explicitly formulated claims to hegemony with an aggressive European ideology and developed exclusive infrastructures and cooperation formats for this purpose. We examine the 'internationality' of the philologies and philosophy, above all by means of scientific journals, international conferences and congresses as well as individual travel activities. The material basis of our project is an extensive publication database and archive materials from the Reich Ministry of Education and the Federal Foreign Office. We apply for the continuation of our project primarily for the evaluation of these extensive archival materials, which, consisting of travel applications, permits, bans, and reports, allow comprehensive documentation of the travel activities of German scholars. The project group consists of Berlin and Heidelberg philologists and philosophers, including two doctoral students, and cooperates with renowned contemporary historians and historians of other scientific disciplines.