Quantum vortex dynamics in exotic superfluid systems

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Quantum liquid-like states of matter have been realized in an ongoing series of experiments with ultracold Bose gases. By means of analytical and theoretical methods we identify the specific criteria for the existence of dark solitons in beyond-mean-field condensates, revealing how these excitations exist for both repulsive and attractive interactions, the latter leading to dark quantum droplets with properties intermediate between a dark soliton and a quantum droplet. The dark quantum droplet's physical characteristics are investigated, including calculation of the integrals of motion, revealing their sensitive dependence on physical parameters relevant to the current generation of experiments with quantum gases in the beyond-mean-field limit.