Product Life Cycle Oriented Evaluation of Manufacturing Technologies

通常对制造技术的评价和选择是根据其满足设计要求的能力和生产过程中的经济效益来进行的。此外，来自生命周期评估（LCA）领域的各种现有模型和方法能够在汽车或航空航天工业等特定情况下对产品和制造技术进行生态评估。然而，考虑到刀具的几个生命阶段，目前还没有方法对刀具制造技术进行生命周期评估。因此，本研究项目的目标是开发一种新的方法，使铣刀生产制造技术的生命周期评估成为可能。在Jenke的一般方法论模型的基础上，方法论由方法、模型和系统组成，这些方法、模型和系统是在基础研究项目中发展起来的。首先，根据LCA的第一阶段，建立了铣刀箱体范围定义的描述模型；其次，建立了一种新的信息成熟度水平模型，系统地考虑了LCA过程中信息的不确定性。在接下来的步骤中，量化了客户领域、功能领域、物理领域和过程领域之间的关系，并制定了铣刀不同寿命阶段的生命周期清单分析。下一步，将开发一个新的目标系统，该系统能够对生命周期的几个阶段进行评估，并将用于生命周期评估期间的影响评估。接下来，在软件模型原型中实现该方法。这应该允许计算铣刀生产的替代制造技术对环境的影响。最后，通过建立结构模型，推导出一种整体方法，并以铣刀为例进行了验证。该方法揭示了关于制造技术在铣削刀具寿命的几个阶段对环境影响的重大科学重要性的新发现。这项研究的高经济技术重要性在目前工业和立法者为可持续生产产品所做的努力中变得明显。为了产品的可持续性和环境影响，生产阶段使用的制造技术非常重要。特别是，由于钨和钴的价格上涨，碳化钨制成的产品变得越来越重要，这是过去几年资源日益稀缺的结果。

Usually the evaluation and selection of manufacturing technologies is carried out regarding their capability to meet the design requirements and their economic efficiency during production. Furthermore, various existing models and methods from the field of life cycle assessment (LCA) enable an ecological evaluation of products and manufacturing technologies in particular cases like cases in automotive or aerospace industry. Whereas, no methodology exists to conduct a life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for the manufacturing of milling tools considering several stages of life. Thus, the objective of this research project is the development of a new methodology that enables an life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. On the basis of the generic methodology model according to Jenke, a methodology consists of methods, models and a system, which are developed in the underlying research project. Firstly, a description model for the scope definition of the case of the milling tool is developed according to the first phase of the LCA. Secondly, the development of a new information maturity level model is conducted to consider the uncertainty of the information used during the LCA systematically. In the steps that follow, the relations between the customer-, functional-, physical- and process domain are quantified and the life cycle inventory analysis for the different stages of life of the milling tool are drawn up. In the next step, a new target system is developed, which enables a evaluation of several stages of life and will be used for the impact assessment during the LCA. Next, the methodology is implemented in a software model prototypical. This should allow a calculation of the environmental impact of alternative manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. Finally, one holistic methodology is deduced by the development of a structure model and the methodology is validated at case of the milling tool.The methodology reveals new findings with major scientific importance regarding the environmental impact of manufacturing technologies on several stages of life of milling tools. The high economical-technical importance of the research becomes apparent in present efforts in industry and legislator for products manufactured sustainably. For the sustainability as well as for environmental impact of products the manufacturing technologies used in the production stage are of great importance. Especially, products made of tungsten carbides gaining importance due to the rising prices of tungsten and cobalt, which is a consequence of increasing scarcity of resources in the last years.