Product Life Cycle Oriented Evaluation of Manufacturing Technologies

通常对制造工艺的评价和选择是根据其满足设计要求的能力和生产过程中的经济效益来进行的。此外，来自生命周期评估（LCA）领域的各种现有模型和方法使得能够在特定情况下对产品和制造技术进行生态评估，例如汽车或航空航天工业中的情况。然而，目前还没有一种方法可以对铣刀制造技术进行生命周期评估，并考虑到寿命的几个阶段。因此，本研究项目的目标是开发一种新的方法，使铣刀生产的制造技术的生命周期评估。根据Jenke的一般方法论模型，方法论由方法、模型和系统组成，这些都是在基础研究项目中开发的。首先，根据生命周期评价的第一阶段，建立了铣刀实例范围定义的描述模型。其次，发展了一种新的信息成熟度模型，系统地考虑了生命周期评价过程中所使用信息的不确定性。在接下来的步骤中，客户、功能、物理和过程域之间的关系被量化，并为铣刀的不同生命阶段制定生命周期清单分析。下一步，将开发一个新的目标系统，该系统可对生命的几个阶段进行评估，并将用于生命周期评估期间的影响评估。接下来，该方法在一个软件模型原型中实现。这应该允许计算铣削刀具生产的替代制造技术对环境的影响。最后，一个整体的方法推导出的结构模型的发展和方法进行了验证的情况下，铣刀。该方法揭示了新的发现与重大科学意义的环境影响的制造技术的几个阶段的寿命铣刀。在工业界和立法者目前为可持续生产的产品所做的努力中，这项研究在经济技术上的重要性变得显而易见。对于产品的可持续性和环境影响，生产阶段使用的制造技术至关重要。特别是，由于钨和钴的价格上涨，碳化钨制成的产品越来越重要，这是近年来资源日益稀缺的结果。

Usually the evaluation and selection of manufacturing technologies is carried out regarding their capability to meet the design requirements and their economic efficiency during production. Furthermore, various existing models and methods from the field of life cycle assessment (LCA) enable an ecological evaluation of products and manufacturing technologies in particular cases like cases in automotive or aerospace industry. Whereas, no methodology exists to conduct a life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for the manufacturing of milling tools considering several stages of life. Thus, the objective of this research project is the development of a new methodology that enables an life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. On the basis of the generic methodology model according to Jenke, a methodology consists of methods, models and a system, which are developed in the underlying research project. Firstly, a description model for the scope definition of the case of the milling tool is developed according to the first phase of the LCA. Secondly, the development of a new information maturity level model is conducted to consider the uncertainty of the information used during the LCA systematically. In the steps that follow, the relations between the customer-, functional-, physical- and process domain are quantified and the life cycle inventory analysis for the different stages of life of the milling tool are drawn up. In the next step, a new target system is developed, which enables a evaluation of several stages of life and will be used for the impact assessment during the LCA. Next, the methodology is implemented in a software model prototypical. This should allow a calculation of the environmental impact of alternative manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. Finally, one holistic methodology is deduced by the development of a structure model and the methodology is validated at case of the milling tool.The methodology reveals new findings with major scientific importance regarding the environmental impact of manufacturing technologies on several stages of life of milling tools. The high economical-technical importance of the research becomes apparent in present efforts in industry and legislator for products manufactured sustainably. For the sustainability as well as for environmental impact of products the manufacturing technologies used in the production stage are of great importance. Especially, products made of tungsten carbides gaining importance due to the rising prices of tungsten and cobalt, which is a consequence of increasing scarcity of resources in the last years.