Product Life Cycle Oriented Evaluation of Manufacturing Technologies

通常，对制造技术的评价和选择是根据其满足设计要求的能力和生产过程中的经济效益来进行的。此外，生命周期评估(LCA)领域的各种现有模型和方法能够在特定情况下对产品和制造技术进行生态评估，例如汽车或航空航天行业的案例。然而，没有方法论来对制造铣刀的制造技术进行生命周期评估，考虑到制造工具的几个阶段。因此，本研究项目的目标是开发一种新的方法，以便能够对铣刀生产的制造技术进行生命周期评估。在Jenke的一般方法论模型的基础上，方法论由方法、模型和系统组成，这些都是在基础研究项目中开发的。首先，根据生命周期评价的第一阶段，建立了铣刀箱体范围定义的描述模型。其次，为了系统地考虑生命周期评价中使用的信息的不确定性，建立了一个新的信息成熟度模型。在接下来的步骤中，量化了客户域、功能域、物理域和过程域之间的关系，并编制了针对铣刀不同生命阶段的生命周期清单分析。在下一步，开发了一个新的目标系统，该系统能够对生命的几个阶段进行评估，并将用于生命周期评估期间的影响评估。接下来，在一个软件模型原型中实现该方法。这应该允许计算用于铣刀生产的替代制造技术对环境的影响。最后，通过结构模型的建立，得出了一种整体的方法，并以铣刀为例进行了验证，该方法揭示了制造技术对铣刀生命周期的几个阶段的环境影响的新发现，具有重要的科学意义。这项研究的高度经济技术重要性在目前工业和立法者对可持续生产的产品的努力中变得明显。为了产品的可持续性以及对环境的影响，在生产阶段使用的制造技术非常重要。特别是，由于钨和钴的价格上涨，碳化钨产品变得越来越重要，这是过去几年资源日益稀缺的结果。

Usually the evaluation and selection of manufacturing technologies is carried out regarding their capability to meet the design requirements and their economic efficiency during production. Furthermore, various existing models and methods from the field of life cycle assessment (LCA) enable an ecological evaluation of products and manufacturing technologies in particular cases like cases in automotive or aerospace industry. Whereas, no methodology exists to conduct a life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for the manufacturing of milling tools considering several stages of life. Thus, the objective of this research project is the development of a new methodology that enables an life cycle assessment of manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. On the basis of the generic methodology model according to Jenke, a methodology consists of methods, models and a system, which are developed in the underlying research project. Firstly, a description model for the scope definition of the case of the milling tool is developed according to the first phase of the LCA. Secondly, the development of a new information maturity level model is conducted to consider the uncertainty of the information used during the LCA systematically. In the steps that follow, the relations between the customer-, functional-, physical- and process domain are quantified and the life cycle inventory analysis for the different stages of life of the milling tool are drawn up. In the next step, a new target system is developed, which enables a evaluation of several stages of life and will be used for the impact assessment during the LCA. Next, the methodology is implemented in a software model prototypical. This should allow a calculation of the environmental impact of alternative manufacturing technologies for milling tool production. Finally, one holistic methodology is deduced by the development of a structure model and the methodology is validated at case of the milling tool.The methodology reveals new findings with major scientific importance regarding the environmental impact of manufacturing technologies on several stages of life of milling tools. The high economical-technical importance of the research becomes apparent in present efforts in industry and legislator for products manufactured sustainably. For the sustainability as well as for environmental impact of products the manufacturing technologies used in the production stage are of great importance. Especially, products made of tungsten carbides gaining importance due to the rising prices of tungsten and cobalt, which is a consequence of increasing scarcity of resources in the last years.