Studies on Holocene vegetation-, fire-, climate- and human history - comparing multi-site evidence from the forest-steppe biomes in Mongolian Altai, Tosontsengel and Orkhon Valley

除了我们在阿拉泰山脉的研究外，我们还将对蒙古森林草原生物群中另外两个较少研究的地区(托松森格尔和鄂尔沁山谷)的新环境档案进行多代理(花粉、非花粉孢粉、木炭、硅藻、沉积物)和多地点方法的研究，并用各种多变量方法对放射性碳进行定年和分析。这些研究和比较将增进对蒙古西部和中部森林-草原-生态系统的变异性和动态的了解。它将调查气候如何以及不同的史前和历史人口(如锡西亚人、土耳其人、蒙古人)如何在全新世期间改变森林草原生物群。我们对阿拉泰山脉的新研究结果表明，在过去的1000年里，人类对植被产生了强烈的影响，这一点在蒙古的其他研究中没有得到很好的考虑。在这一扩展中，我们将研究受人为影响较小的地区(蒙古中北部的托桑森格尔)和受影响较强的地区(蒙古中部的鄂尔沁山谷)的人为影响的程度。如果家畜对植被及其生物多样性有不同的影响，这是更有意义的。这些研究将为森林草原生物群的保护和管理做出贡献。

Besides our studies in the Altai Mountains, new environmental archives from two additional little studied regions (Tosontsengel, Orkhon Valley) in the forest-steppe-biome of Mongolia will be studied in multi-proxy (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, diatoms, sediments) and multi-site approaches, radiocarbon dated and analysed by using various multivariate methods. These studies and comparisons will enhance the knowledge of the variability and dynamics of the Western and Central Mongolian forest-steppe-ecosystems. It will be investigated how climate and how strong different prehistoric and historic populations (e.g. Scythians, Turks, Mongols) changed the forest-steppe-biome during the Holocene. Our new results from the Altai Mountains demonstrate that humans had a strong impact on vegetation during the last 1000 years, which has not very well been considered in other studies in Mongolia. In this extension we will study the extent of anthropogenic impacts in a little (Tosontsengel, North-Central Mongolia) and a strongly (Orkhon Valley, Central Mongolia) impacted region. It is of further interest, if livestock animals have a different influence on the vegetation and its biodiversity. These studies will be a contribution to the protection and management of the forest-steppe-biome.