Calibration and Holocene reconstruction of vegetation, fire and climate in the boreal forest of Eastern Canada

加拿大东部北方森林植被、火灾和气候的校准和全新世重建

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05062
• 负责人: Blarquez, Olivier
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633988
• 关键词: Calibration; Holocene; reconstruction; vegetation; fire

Boreal forests of Canada shelter rich biological communities, are of great cultural importance and provide many ecosystem services such as carbon storage and forest resources production. In the boreal biome, vegetation distribution is driven by the climate and by the occurrence of large-scale natural disturbances such as fires and insect outbreaks. A sustainable management of these ecosystems thus represents many challenges. One of the most ambitious consists in reducing the differences between managed and natural forest ecosystems. This reduction would ensure the provision of forest ecosystem services and would likely promote the resilience of these ecosystems in the face of current climatic changes and the associated disturbance modifications. However, long-term data are required for understanding and characterizing those natural forests and their associated ecological processes. To fulfill these challenges, understanding the historic baselines of boreal ecosystems (productivity, biodiversity, structure, etc.) and understanding how disturbances and climate interacted in the long-term to shape them is highly crucial. Future conditions of climate and disturbances will probably have no analogues in the present. As a consequence, long-term reconstructions using paleoecological tools are needed to explore the response of ecosystems under an extensive range of conditions that observation alone cannot provide. Currently, one of the greatest challenge of paleoecology is the calibration of sedimentary biological proxies in order to quantify past changes in units that are consistent with climatic and vegetation models outputs, and with current observation variables. Therefore, I propose in this research program an original approach to calibrate fire regime and vegetation reconstructions for Canada's boreal forests combining different sources of information (paleoecological series, modern data and models). Applying these calibration functions to long-term data will help to better understand the mechanisms that linked disturbances, climate, vegetation productivity and diversity in the past. The knowledge that will be acquired during this research program is fundamental to the field of paleoecology and will also be useful for research in related disciplines such as ecosystem modeling, modern ecology and ecosystem management. Moreover, forest industry and government agencies will benefit these recent advances in the understanding of long-term ecosystem dynamics. Indeed, implementing paleoecological data and knowledge for forecasting and managing future ecosystems is crucial for Canadian forestry in order to achieve sustainability goals in ecosystem management and to adapt forests and practices to future climate.

加拿大的北方森林保护着丰富的生物群落，具有重要的文化意义，并提供许多生态系统服务，如碳储存和森林资源生产。在北方生物群中，植被的分布受到气候和大规模自然干扰(如火灾和昆虫暴发)的影响。因此，这些生态系统的可持续管理面临许多挑战。最雄心勃勃的目标之一在于减少管理的森林生态系统和自然森林生态系统之间的差异。这一减少将确保提供森林生态系统服务，并可能促进这些生态系统在面对当前气候变化和相关的干扰调整时的复原能力。然而，需要长期的数据来了解和描述这些天然林及其相关的生态过程。要应对这些挑战，需要了解北方生态系统的历史基线(生产力、生物多样性、结构等)。从长远来看，了解干扰和气候是如何相互作用以塑造它们的，这一点至关重要。未来的气候条件和动乱很可能不会是现在的类似情况。因此，需要使用古生态工具进行长期重建，以探索生态系统在仅靠观察不能提供的广泛条件下的反应。目前，古生态学面临的最大挑战之一是对沉积生物指标进行校准，以量化与气候和植被模型产出以及当前观测变量相一致的单位的过去变化。因此，我在这项研究计划中提出了一种新颖的方法，结合不同的信息来源(古生态系列、现代数据和模型)来校准加拿大北方森林的火情和植被重建。将这些校准函数应用于长期数据将有助于更好地理解过去将干扰、气候、植被生产力和多样性联系在一起的机制。在这项研究计划中将获得的知识是古生态学领域的基础，也将有助于生态系统建模、现代生态学和生态系统管理等相关学科的研究。此外，森林业和政府机构将有益于理解长期生态系统动态方面的这些最新进展。事实上，实施古生态数据和知识以预测和管理未来的生态系统对加拿大林业来说至关重要，以便在生态系统管理中实现可持续性目标，并使森林和做法适应未来的气候。