Semantic enrichment and mobilization of data in distributed repositories for taxonomy and ecology: Solving a Gordian knot in the taxonomy of neotropical jumping spiders and trait-based ecological habitat assessment with spider assemblages

数据库和研究信息系统的效率和潜力将通过以下研究方法得到提高和展示：1。基于SMNK收集的极其丰富的属和种的亚科Euophryinae（跳蛛科）的凭证标本的数字数据，将描述该物种，并在虚拟研究环境多样性研究中开发和集成一个描述方案。这些属的修订将有助于克服新热带区跳蛛的分类障碍，促进进一步的系统发育研究，并允许在动物区系和生态学研究的物种鉴定，这是重要的保护管理。研究基础设施使国际社会能够对标准化形态测量和生态数据进行数字化处理和调动，产生永久更新的交互式确定键和半自动物种描述，直接汇编成电子出版物。2.在德国，来自不同来源（收藏，未发表的研究，文献）的大型数据包的物种occupational的分析提供了基于性状的物种与栖息地和土地利用类型的协会。通过回归，利用蜘蛛的大小测量计算出的生物量，对选定的栖息地类型的承载力进行比较。使用经典的归纳方法的差异分析，以及机器学习的transductive apraoches（随机神经网络），物种occupancy与生态偏好，环境变量和特征和特定于栖息地的组合定义。在为这些分析选择和准备数据的过程中，将根据从收集和生态研究中丰富现有数据的语义概念，汇编德国蜘蛛的广泛数字信息。通过定义标准和具有同义词的等级列表（生境类型、景观、土地利用形式、地层-在欧洲范围内），并通过使用从标本到物种的注释和升级措施的工具，可以对独立研究的数据进行新的分析。这是（反复）评估生境质量及其随时间推移因土地使用或气候变化而发生的变化的先决条件。所有数据和工具都将在几个数据储存库和网站中提供。所产生的分类和生态信息的描述，在物种的情况说明书。栖息地类型清单显示了物种的占有率和丰度。在参与机构的收集和研究增加的过程中，这些描述总是基于最新的数据库。这些动态参考资料代表了实际的数据库，对保护当局的用户特别重要。

The efficiency and potential of linked data repositories and research information systems will be enhanced and demonstrated by the following research approaches: 1. Based on digital data for voucher specimens of the extremely genera- and species-rich subfamily Euophryinae (Salticidae) in the collection of SMNK, the species will be described and a description scheme developed and integrated in the virtual research environment Diversity Workbench. The revision of these genera will help to overcome the taxonomic impediment in neotropical jumping spiders, promoting further phylogenetic studies and allowing species identification in faunistic and ecological studies, which is important for conservation management. The research infrastructure enables the digital processing and mobilization of standardized morphometric and ecological data for the international community, produces permanently updated interactive determination keys and semi-automatic species descriptions, directly compiled into an electronic publication. 2. The analysis of a large data package of species occurences in Germany, originating from different sources (collections, unpublished studies, literature) provides trait-based associations of species with habitat and land use types. Carrying capacity of selected habitat types will be compared using biomass of spiders calculated from size measurements via regression. Using classic inductive methods of discrimant analysis as well as transductive appraoches of machine learning (stochastic neuronal networks), species occurences are correlated with ecological preferences, environmental variables and traits and habitat-specific assemblages defined. In the course of data selection and preparation for these analyses extensive digital information on spiders in Germany will be compiled under a concept for semantic enrichment of existing data from collections and ecological studies. By definition of standards and hierarchical lists (habitat types, landscapes, land use forms, strata - on European scale) with synonyms and by the use of tools for annotation and upscaling of measures from the specimen to the species, data from independent studies can be analysed newly. This is a precondition for the (repeated) assessment of habitat quality and its change over time by land use or climate change. All data and tools will be supplied in several data repositories and websites. Resulting descriptions with taxonomic and ecological information are presented in species fact sheets. Checklists for habitat types show the species occurences and abundances. These portrayals are always based on the updated data pool, during the increase of collections and studies of the participating institutions. Such dynamic references, representing the actual data pool, are especially important to users from conservation authorities.