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Local adaptation in a phoretic mite-burying beetle symbiosis

泳动埋螨甲虫共生的局部适应

基本信息

批准号：
316244946
负责人：
Dr. Volker Nehring, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316244946?language=en
关键词：
Local adaptation phoretic mite burying

项目摘要

When organisms adapt to their environment, differences between habitats can lead to differences between populations in the adapted traits. While these local adaptations can be straightforward when evolved in response to relatively stable abiotic factors, such as temperature, local adaptation to other species that themselves also adapt will be more complex. This is particularly important in cases of coevolution, which leads to reciprocal and potentially undirected co-adaptation between symbionts and can cause a geographic mosaic of coevolution, where fitness is determined by a gene (focal species) by gene (symbiont) by environment interaction (GxGxE). I propose to study local adaptation in phoretic mites that live in symbiosis with burying beetles. Preliminary experiments show that mite and beetle fitnesses are negatively correlated, indicating parasitism by the mites. Each of the multiple mite species is specifically adapted to one of the many beetle species, and vice versa. Mite generation time, a trait crucial to the interaction, varies between mite populations and seems to be locally adapted to the host beetles and to the environment. All data we collected so far indicate a coevolutionary system that is affected by environmental parameters. The system is ideal to study local adaptation and coevolution because it is amenable to controlled laboratory fitness experiments and to transplantation experiments in the field. Combined with genetic analyses, we will use these experiments to test the hypothesis that mites and beetles are locally adapted to each other and to the remaining environment in a geographic mosaic of coevolution. Then, each organism's fitness should depend on the interaction of the organism's genotype with that of its symbiont, and how the interaction is affected by the environment (GxGxE). The alternative hypotheses are a pure GxE interaction with local adaptation to abiotic factors, a pure GxG interaction (the coevolutionary interaction is not affected by the environment), or no interaction. Unlike many studies of coevolutionary systems, which are typically using microbial symbionts and/or are characterised by strong fitness effects (e.g. lethal parasites) and exclusive symbioses (no alternative symbionts), the mite-beetle system represents a more diffuse case of coevolution. By partitioning environmental and genetic effects and all possible interactions in the mite-beetle association, we will contribute to the understanding of diffuse coevolution, which despite being the most common form of species interaction is grossly understudied because it is inconspicuous and often seems a difficult experimental system.

当生物适应环境时，栖息地之间的差异会导致种群之间适应特征的差异。虽然这些局部适应在对相对稳定的非生物因素（如温度）作出反应时可以是直接的，但对其他物种的局部适应则更为复杂。这在共同进化的情况下尤其重要，这导致共生体之间的互惠和潜在的无方向的共同适应，并可能导致共同进化的地理镶嵌，其中适应性由基因（焦点物种）通过基因（共生体）通过环境相互作用（GxGxE）决定。我建议研究当地的适应性在泳螨，生活在共生与埋葬甲虫。初步实验表明，螨和甲虫的适合度呈负相关，表明螨的寄生。多种螨类中的每一种都特别适应多种甲虫类中的一种，反之亦然。螨世代时间，相互作用的一个重要特征，螨种群之间的变化，似乎是本地适应宿主甲虫和环境。到目前为止，我们收集到的所有数据表明，一个共同进化的系统，是受环境参数。该系统是研究局部适应和协同进化的理想系统，因为它适合于受控的实验室适应性实验和田间移植实验。结合遗传分析，我们将使用这些实验来检验假设，螨和甲虫是本地适应对方和剩余的环境中的地理马赛克的共同进化。然后，每个生物体的适应性应该取决于生物体的基因型与其共生体的基因型的相互作用，以及这种相互作用如何受到环境的影响（GxGxE）。替代假设是一个纯粹的GxE相互作用与当地适应非生物因素，一个纯粹的GxG相互作用（共同进化的相互作用是不受环境的影响），或没有相互作用。不像许多研究的共同进化系统，这是典型的使用微生物共生体和/或具有强大的健身效果（如致命的寄生虫）和排他性的共生体（没有替代共生体），螨甲虫系统代表了一个更广泛的情况下共同进化。通过划分环境和遗传效应以及螨甲虫协会中所有可能的相互作用，我们将有助于理解扩散共同进化，尽管这是物种相互作用的最常见形式，但由于它不显眼，而且经常看起来是一个困难的实验系统，因此研究得非常不足。