EMeRGe: Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants on the Regional to Global Scales

EMeRGe：特大城市对区域到全球范围内污染物传输和转化的影响

• 批准号: 316834290
• 负责人: Professor Dr. John Philip Burrows
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316834290?language=en
• 关键词: EMeRGe; Effect; Megacities; Transport; Transformation

The number and size of major population centers (MPCs) is increasing worldwide. The investigation of the impact of transport and transformation of plumes from MPC has lately received much attention in the scientific community but our knowledge is still quite limited and inadequate. EMeRGe exploits the unique capabilities of the new HALO aircraft research platform to investigate the impact of MPC emissions on air pollution at local, regional and hemispheric scales by making airborne campaigns, coupled with interpretation and modelling of primarily the short lived climate pollutants, i.e. reactive gases, temporary reservoirs, and aerosol. A secondary objective is to infer the changes in radiative forcing resulting from MPC emissions. One focus is the study of the transport and transformation of plumes from selected European and Asian MPC with special focus on the rate of formation of ozone and aerosols. Data from the satellite fleet operated by ESA and EUMETSAT, which in comparison to that from HALO, has low spatial resolution but regional and global coverage, will also be used to complement and enhance the interpretation of the unique snapshot of key atmospheric parameters and trace constituents provided by the EMeRGe measurement payload on HALO. Two campaigns using an optimized payload of measurements on HALO based in Europe and Asia are planned. The combined set of data from HALO, ground based and satellite instrumentation will be used to synergistically constrain our knowledge and test our understanding. In addition the EMeRGe airborne measurements will provide a unique opportunity for validation and upscaling of satellite data products. In EMeRGe the composition of the plumes entering and leaving Europe and leaving Asia will be measured by performing optimized transects and vertical profiling. This strategy enables the outflow from a variety of MPCs to be studied in quasi-Lagrangian approach and therefore to identify differences and commonalities in the transport, and transformation of the outflow. Key scientific questions of the analysis will be the dispersion and transport patterns, the factors dominating the chemical transformation of MPCs emissions, the regional and hemispheric effects of European and Asian MPCs of atmospheric composition, the relevance of emission from European and Asian MPCs for radiative forcing and climate change and the adequacy of chemical models for the simulation of transport and transformation processes of European and Asian MPC plumes. An overarching objective of EMeRGe is to stimulate measurements and modelling studies, within an international EMeRGe research partnership with the European, Asian, and American science community. This will facilitate a much more comprehensive integrated analysis of all set of observational data products (i.e. aircraft, ground and satellite based data), making EMeRGe a milestone in the study of the transport and transformation of plumes from MPCs.

全球主要人口中心（MPC）的数量和规模正在增加。对MPC产生的羽流的输送和转化的影响的调查最近受到了科学界的广泛关注，但我们的知识仍然非常有限和不足。EMeRGe利用新的HALO飞机研究平台的独特能力，通过进行空中活动，结合主要是短期气候污染物（即反应气体，临时水库和气溶胶）的解释和建模，调查MPC排放对地方，区域和半球尺度空气污染的影响。第二个目标是推断MPC排放导致的辐射强迫的变化。其中一个重点是研究欧洲和亚洲选定MPC的羽流的传输和转化，特别侧重于臭氧和气溶胶的形成速度。欧空局和欧洲气象卫星应用组织运营的卫星群提供的数据与哈洛卫星提供的数据相比，空间分辨率较低，但覆盖区域和全球，这些数据也将用于补充和加强对哈洛卫星上的EMeRGe测量有效载荷提供的关键大气参数和痕量成分的独特快照的解释。计划在欧洲和亚洲开展两次活动，使用最佳有效载荷对HALO进行测量。来自HALO、地面和卫星仪器的综合数据集将用于协同限制我们的知识并测试我们的理解。此外，EMeRGe机载测量将为卫星数据产品的验证和升级提供一个独特的机会。在EMeRGe中，进入和离开欧洲以及离开亚洲的羽流的组成将通过执行优化的横断面和垂直剖面来测量。这种策略使流出从各种MPC准拉格朗日方法进行研究，因此，以确定运输的差异和共性，和改造的流出。分析的关键科学问题将是扩散和传输模式、控制多组分有机物排放的化学转化的因素、欧洲和亚洲多组分有机物对大气成分的区域和半球影响，欧洲和亚洲MPCs排放与辐射强迫和气候变化的相关性，以及模拟欧洲和亚洲MPCs输送和转化过程的化学模型的适当性。MPC羽流。EMeRGe的总体目标是在与欧洲，亚洲和美国科学界的国际EMeRGe研究伙伴关系中促进测量和建模研究。这将有助于对所有观测数据产品（即飞机、地面和卫星数据）进行更全面的综合分析，使EMeRGe成为研究MPC羽流传输和转化的里程碑。

项目成果

Implementation of HONO into the chemistry-climate model CHASER (V4.0): roles in tropospheric chemistry

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-2021-385
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Phuc Thi Minh Ha;Y. Kanaya;F. Taketani;M. D. Andrés Hernández;Ben Schreiner;K. Pfeilsticker;K. Sudo-K.-S

Validation of XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved from a portable Fourier transform spectrometer with those from in situ profiles from aircraft-borne instruments

使用机载仪器的原位剖面图验证从便携式傅里叶变换光谱仪检索到的 XCO2 和 XCH4

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-5149-2020
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
• 作者: Ohyama;Morino;Velazco;Klausner;Bagtasa;Uchino;Matsunaga;Deutscher;DiGangi;Diskin;Pusede;Roiger;Lichtenstern;Schlager
• 通讯作者: Schlager

Contribution of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical and sulfur dioxide to the sulfate aerosol over West Pacific

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-788
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 作者: Yu‐Wen Chen;Yi-Chun Chen;C. Chou;H. Hung;S. Chang;L. Eirenschmalz;M. Lichtenstern;H. Ziereis;H. Schlager;G. Stratmann;K. Kaiser;J. Schneider;S. Borrmann;F. Obersteiner;Eric Förster;A. Zahn;Wei‐Nai Chen;P. Lin;Shuenn-Chin Chang;M. D. Andrés Hernández;Pao K. Wang;J. Burrows

Supplementary material to "Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017"

《概述：主要人口中心流出过程中污染物的迁移和转化——2017年夏季EMeRGe欧洲密集运行期的观测数据》的补充材料

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-500
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Andrés Hernández;Hilboll;Ziereis;Förster;Krüger;Kaiser;Schneider;Barnaba;Vrekoussis;Schmidt;Huntrieser;Blechschmidt;George;Nenakhov;Klausner;Holanda
• 通讯作者: Holanda

Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-1100
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Ovid O. Krüger;B. Holanda;S. Chowdhury;A. Pozzer;David Walter;C. Pöhlker;M. D. Andrés Hernández;J. Burrows;C. Voigt;J. Lelieveld;J. Quaas;U. Pöschl;M. Pöhlker