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The Demand Side of Clientelism

依附主义的需求方

基本信息

批准号：
317152137
负责人：
Professor Dr. Miquel Pellicer, since 3/2017
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Politikwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/317152137?language=en
关键词：
Demand Side Clientelism

项目摘要

Political clientelism is a vertical relation where a client gives up political voice in exchange for personalized material benefits from a patron. Clientelism has generated strong interest in the academic and policy world, mainly because of its supposed harmful implications for political accountability, provision of public goods, and the persistence of inequality. Recent political science work on clientelism has focused mainly on its supply side (i.e. the party or patron choices), leaving the demand side (i.e. the client's perspective) largely unexplored. Ethnographic research, however, highlights the relevance of the client for sustaining clientelistic relationships. This project seeks to undertake a systematic investigation of the demand side of clientelism in Tunisia and South Africa, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. These countries are geographically diverse but typical of countries that exhibit clientelistic as well as programmatic (i.e. policy-based) politics. Our focus is primarily on understanding demand for clientelism in general, but we also seek to provide insights on different forms of clientelism, such as "traditional" clientelism vs. vote buying. We develop hypotheses on how certain micro factors such as perceptions of political efficacy and values regarding the legitimacy of social inequalities, as well as contextual factors such as the degree of isolation of the community, affect demand for clientelism. In order to test these hypotheses, we will conduct individual level surveys in Tunisia and South Africa. These surveys (with a sample of around 2,500 individuals per country) will collect information on individual socioeconomic characteristics, values and perceptions, and demand for clientelism. Importantly, demand for clientelism will be measured using list experiments, a technique used to obtain trustworthy estimates on sensitive issues, such as clientelism. Our choice of empirical methods has a strong focus on obtaining causal inferences. Our micro level hypotheses will be tested using "survey experiments", (i.e. randomized treatments embedded in our surveys), with information treatments adapted from social psychology literature. The surveys will be conducted in different locations within each country, and these locations will be selected purposefully in order to test the role of contextual factors. Focus group discussions will generate rich qualitative and comparable data on perceptions and forms of clientelism and complement survey findings with insights into the mechanisms underlying the survey experiment results. Our international team is composed of renowned scholars with expertise in clientelism and behavioral economics, and ample experience in conducting experimental surveys and qualitative work in Tunisia and South Africa.

政治庇护主义是一种垂直关系，客户放弃政治声音，以换取赞助人的个人物质利益。庇护主义在学术界和政策界引起了强烈的兴趣，主要是因为它对政治问责制、公共产品的提供和不平等的持续存在产生了有害的影响。最近的政治学工作主要集中在其供应方（即政党或赞助人的选择），离开需求方（即客户的角度）在很大程度上未探讨。然而，人种学研究强调了客户对维持客户关系的相关性。该项目力求结合定量和定性方法，对突尼斯和南非的客户主义需求方进行系统调查。这些国家在地理上各不相同，但都是典型的表现出客户主义和方案（即基于政策）政治的国家。我们的重点主要是了解一般的客户主义需求，但我们也寻求提供不同形式的客户主义的见解，如“传统”客户主义与购买选票。我们发展的假设，如何某些微观因素，如政治效能和价值观的看法，社会不平等的合法性，以及上下文的因素，如社区的孤立程度，影响需求的客户主义。为了检验这些假设，我们将在突尼斯和南非进行个人层面的调查。这些调查（每个国家抽样约2 500人）将收集关于个人社会经济特征、价值观和看法以及对服务对象的需求的信息。重要的是，将使用名单实验来衡量对庇护主义的需求，这是一种用于对庇护主义等敏感问题获得可信估计的技术。我们选择的实证方法有一个强烈的重点，获得因果关系的推论。我们的微观假设将使用“调查实验”（即嵌入我们调查中的随机处理）进行测试，并采用社会心理学文献改编的信息处理。调查将在每个国家的不同地点进行，这些地点将有目的地选择，以测试背景因素的作用。焦点小组讨论将产生关于客户主义的看法和形式的丰富的定性和可比数据，并通过深入了解调查实验结果背后的机制来补充调查结果。我们的国际团队由具有客户主义和行为经济学专业知识的知名学者组成，并在突尼斯和南非进行实验调查和定性工作方面拥有丰富的经验。