Cross-Platform Validation of Pedestrian Simulators

因此，全球道路使用者的人数仍在上升。虽然正在制定汽车安全措施以降低总体事故率，但行人的死亡率仍然相当高，特别是在城市环境中。2013年，欧洲交通事故死亡人数中有22%是行人。此外，自2010年以来，行人死亡率仅下降了11%，而所有交通参与者的死亡率下降了17.5%。这些死亡大多发生在人口密度较高的地区：欧盟所有行人死亡中有69%发生在城市地区。（European Commission, 2015）几十年来，驾驶模拟器已经成为调查人类行为和验证高级驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）（涉及驾驶员的位置）的宝贵工具，但行人模拟器的发展仍处于起步阶段。这类行人模拟器将以一种可复制的、安全的、经济有效的方式来研究城市交通场景中的人类行为，使受试者能够从行人的角度研究危险交通情况，如城市过街场景。法国研究机构IFSTTAR和德国慕尼黑工业大学从一开始就处于这一领域的前沿。他们独立地使用不同的技术方法开发了两种不同类型的行人模拟器。在使用这种新技术对两边都进行了一些实验之后，比较这两种模拟器的愿望越来越强烈。通过在两个模拟器上运行相同的实验，可以调查技术对研究的影响，并进行跨平台验证，确认所使用模拟器的有效性，并允许将未来实证研究的结果转移到现实中。为了完善这两种仿真器的有效性，需要将其与现实生活中相似条件下的实验进行比较。

Globally the number of road users is still consequently rising. While safety measures in cars are being developed to reduce the accidents rate overall, the fatality of pedestrians is still considerably high, especially in urban environments. In 2013 22% of all killed persons in traffic accidents in Europe were pedestrians. Furthermore the fatality rate of pedestrians has decreased by only 11% since 2010 compared to the 17.5% decline of all traffic participants. The majority of these deaths occur in locations with higher population density: 69% of all pedestrian fatalities in the EU arise in urban areas. (European Commission, 2015) While driving simulators have been already a valuable tool for investigations of human behavior and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) (concerning the driver its site) for decades, the development of pedestrian simulators is still in the fledgling stages. These kind of pedestrian simulators shall serve to investigate human behavior in urban traffic scenarios in a reproducible, safe and cost efficient way, enabling subject studies from the point of view of a pedestrian in hazardous traffic situations, such as urban crossing scenarios. The French research institute IFSTTAR and the German university TU München have been in this field on the cutting edge from the very beginning. Independently, they developed two different types of pedestrian simulators using different technological approaches. After having already run some experiments on each side using this new technology, the desire grew to compare the two simulators. By running the same experiments on both simulators the technological impact on the studies could be investigated and a cross-platform validation performed, confirming the validity of the used simulators and allowing to transfer the results of future empirical studies on the reality. To perfect the validity, both simulators shall be compared to experiments in real life under similar conditions.