Generic bio-inventory of functional soil microbial diversity in permanent grassland ecosystems across management and climate gradients

现行的欧洲共同农业政策（CAP）和2014年至2020年的欧洲栖息地指令指出，永久性和广泛管理的草地系统（PEGS）在农业和生态方面的重要性日益增加。BIOINVENT引入了一种创新的、以科学为基础的研究方法，以缩小关于这一农业生态计划效率的剩余知识差距，从而增强地上和地下生物多样性，从它们的支持功能中获益，以确保生态系统服务（提供功能）。BIOINVENT的泛欧研究范围从亚速尔群岛到瑞典北部，分别具有亚热带和北方气候，旨在深入了解草地管理（例如集约化与粗约化）和农业气候差异对土壤微生物动力学的相互影响及其对中央生态系统服务（例如，支持和调节功能）的影响（当前BiodivERsA呼吁的主题1）。BIOINVENT采用协调一致的两流方法。在研究流中，所有合作伙伴在农民提供的田地和受控的田间实验中应用互补和面向过程的研究活动，从而对整个欧洲草原的土壤微生物多样性及其功能潜力进行空间评估。这是对早期泛欧土壤清单的重要补充，这些清单没有涉及永久性草原及其土壤微生物功能。参与性外展流程同时启动，以在项目开始时就吸引利益相关者（合作、参与），并以调整后的方式向从非政府组织到国家和欧洲层面的决策者等各种利益相关者传播项目成果（例如，BIOINVENT工具箱）（咨询、通知）。BIOINVENT为欧盟制定面向未来的管理和监测目标做出了巨大贡献，以实现土壤生物多样性的最佳保护和利用，及其对永久性草地生态系统（包括PEGS）的各种生态系统服务的贡献，这些生态系统可能适用于其他农业生态系统。

The current European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the European Habitats Directive for 2014 to 2020 point towards an increased agricultural and ecological importance of permanent and extensively managed grassland systems (PEGS). BIOINVENT introduces an innovative, science-based research approach to close remaining knowledge gaps on the efficiency of this agro-ecological scheme to enhance above- and below-ground biodiversity to profit from their support functions to secure ecosystem services (provision function). The pan-European study scale of BIOINVENT ranging from the Azores to northern Sweden with sub-tropical and boreal climates, respectively, is predestined for yielding a profound understanding of interdependent effects of grassland management (e.g., intensive vs. extensive) and agro-climatic distinctions on soil microbial dynamics and their consequences for central ecosystem services (e.g., support and regulation functions) (Theme 1 of the current BiodivERsA call). BIOINVENT applies a concerted 2-stream approach. In the Research Stream, all partners apply complementary and process-oriented research activities on fields provided by farmers and in controlled field experiments allowing for a spatial assessment of soil microbial diversity and its functional potential across European grasslands. This is a crucial complement to earlier pan-European soil inventories that did not address permanent grasslands and their soil microbial functions. The participatory Outreach Stream is simultaneously initialised to engage stakeholders already at the project start (collaborate, involve) and to disseminate project outcomes (e.g., BIOINVENT tool-box) in an adjusted manner to various stakeholders ranging from non-governmental organisations to decision makers at national and European level (consult, inform). BIOINVENT contributes greatly to on-going EU-incentives to develop future-oriented management and monitoring objectives to reach optimal protection and utilisation of soil biodiversity and its contribution to various ecosystem services in permanent grassland ecosystems including PEGS that might be applicable to other agro-ecosystems.