TRR 49: Condensed Matter Systems with Variable Many-Body Interactions

对相互作用的量子物体的大型集合的集体行为的理解代表了当代物理研究的中心主题之一。诸如新型超导或相互作用诱导的绝缘态等现象，以及它们与自旋、电荷、轨道或晶格自由度相关的其他阶数的关系，继续对现代物理学构成重大挑战。SFB/TR 49的概念是在可控条件下，在更广泛、更少材料特异性的情况下，研究相互作用的多体系统的选定现象。要研究的现象包括莫特金属-绝缘体跃迁和附近的异常相，包括超导、电荷有序或多铁绝缘态、非磁性自旋液体以及不同条件下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。这些集体状态将通过使用广泛的材料来探索，从简单的模型系统，如超冷原子和离子或磁振子气体到复杂的量子磁体和金属有机固体。所有的系统都有一个共同的高度可变性，使得系统的材料设计可以通过改变系统的化学和/或物理参数来执行。在第二个资助期，研究了动力学性质和几何挫折和非均匀性的影响，而在第三个资助期，将重点研究相关系统与晶格自由度的耦合问题。SFB/TR 49得益于物理和化学领域理论与实验的强烈互动，并结合了迄今为止很少重叠的量子光学和固体研究领域。SFB/TR 49通过其研究生教育综合学院，为年轻研究人员的培训和晋升提供了最佳条件。

The understanding of the collective behaviour of large assemblies of interacting quantum objects represents one of the central themes in contemporary physical research. Phenomena such as novel types of superconductivity or interaction-induced insulating states and their relation to other kinds of orders associated with spin-, charge-, orbital- or lattice degrees of freedom continue to pose major challenges to modern physics.The concept of the SFB/TR 49 is to investigate selected phenomena of interacting many-body systems in a broader, less material-specific context under well-controllable conditions. The phenomena to be studied include the Mott metal-insulator transition and the nearby anomalous phases including superconductivity, charge-ordered- or multiferroic insulating states, non-magnetic spin-liquids as well as Bose-Einstein condensates under diverse conditions.These collective states will be explored by using a wide spectrum of materials, ranging from simple model systems such as ultracold atoms and ions or magnon gases to complex quantum magnets and metal-organic solids. All systems have in common a high degree of variability, enabling a systematic materials design to be performed through varying the systems¿ chemical and/or physical parameters.While in the second funding period dynamical properties and the effects of geometric frustration and inhomogeneities have been studied, aspects related to the coupling of the correlated system to lattice degrees of freedom will come to the fore in the third funding period.The SFB/TR 49 benefits from a strong interaction between theory and experiment both in the area of physics and chemistry, and combines the fields of quantum optics and solid state research, which hitherto have had only little overlap. Through its Integrated College for the Advancement of Postgraduate Education, the SFB/TR 49 provides best conditions for the training and promotion of young researchers.