A Comprehensive Theoretical Survey on Functionalities and Properties of Adult Neurogenesis under the Influence of Slow Oscillations

慢振荡影响下成人神经发生功能和特性的综合理论调查

• 批准号: 19K16885
• 负责人: Fung ChiChung
• 金额: $ 2.75万
• 依托单位: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K16885/
• 关键词: Adult Neurogenesis; Synaptic Comeptition; Pattern Separation; Computational Model; Hebbian-like Plasticity; Memory Formation; Machine Learning; Synaptic Plasticity; Dentate Gyrus; Unsupervised Learning; Detate Gyrus; Hippocampus; Slow Oscillat

Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the adult brain. It occurs in two regions of the brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus. The SVZ is located in the walls of the lateral ventricles and generates new neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb. The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory and generates new neurons that integrate into existing neural circuits. Adult neurogenesis is regulated by various factors such as stress, exercise, and environmental enrichment. It has been suggested that adult neurogenesis may play a role in learning and memory, mood regulation, and recovery from brain injury. However, its exact function is still not fully understood and remains an active area of research.To investigate the functional meaning of the phenomenon, we have constructed a computational model to explain why synaptic competition is important to the Dentate Gyrus (DG) for pattern separation. Synaptic competition is a process that adult-born neurons integrate into the existing neuronal cluster. This piece of work can help us to understand the importance of adult neurogenesis. Also, our work addressed the mystery that suppressing adult neurogenesis impairs the ability to distinguish similar memories only, while the ability to differentiate distinct memories remains unaffected. Our work has also shown that the computational model can be applied as a machine learning algorithm.This work is accepted by PNAS Nexus for publication in May 2023.

成人神经发生是在成人大脑中产生新神经元的过程。它发生在大脑的两个区域：心室下区（SVZ）和海马体。SVZ位于侧脑室壁，产生新的神经元，并迁移到嗅球。海马体参与学习和记忆，并产生新的神经元，整合到现有的神经回路中。成人神经发生受应激、锻炼和环境富集等多种因素的调控。有研究表明，成人神经发生可能在学习记忆、情绪调节和脑损伤恢复中发挥作用。然而，它的确切功能仍未完全了解，仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。为了研究这一现象的功能意义，我们构建了一个计算模型来解释为什么突触竞争对齿状回（DG）的模式分离很重要。突触竞争是成年神经元整合到现有神经元簇中的一个过程。这项工作可以帮助我们理解成人神经发生的重要性。此外，我们的研究还揭示了一个谜团，即抑制成人神经发生只会损害区分相似记忆的能力，而区分不同记忆的能力则不会受到影响。我们的工作还表明，计算模型可以应用于机器学习算法。这项工作被PNAS Nexus接受，将于2023年5月发表。

项目成果

Orchestrated ensemble activities constitute a hippocampal memory engram

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10683-2
• 发表时间: 2019-06-14
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Ghandour, Khaled;Ohkawa, Noriaki;Inokuchi, Kaoru
• 通讯作者: Inokuchi, Kaoru

Adult Neurogenesis Enhances Pattern Separation

成人神经发生增强模式分离

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Khaled Ghandour;Noriaki Ohkawa;Chi Chung Alan Fung;Hirotaka Asai;Yoshito Saitoh;Takashi Takekawa;Reiko Okubo-Suzuki;Shingo Soya;Hirofumi Nishizono;Mina Matsuo;Makoto Osanai;Masaaki Sato;Masamichi Ohkura;Junichi Nakai;Yasunori Hayashi;Takesh;Chi Chung Alan FUNG
• 通讯作者: Chi Chung Alan FUNG