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The Political Promotion of "Future Industries" and Innovation in the Federal Republic of Germany and Great Britain, ca. 1965-1990

德意志联邦共和国和英国“未来产业”和创新的政治促进，约 1965 年至 1990 年

基本信息

批准号：
318688022
负责人：
Professor Dr. André Steiner
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V. (ZZF)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/318688022?language=en
关键词：
Political Promotion Future Industries Innovation

项目摘要

Historical research on politics confronting economic structural change during the last third of the 20th century has mainly focused on the crises of "old" industries (coal, steel, shipbuilding, textiles). In contrast, the project proposed will analyze the promotion of "future industries" supposed to be especially innovative, and of research and development in general. Comparing the respective policies in the Federal Republic and Great Britain from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s, it will concentrate especially on the aerospace industry as well as on the information and communication technologies. Pursuing the general question to what extent the respective policies were following specific national traditions and concepts or if any convergences can be observed over the course of the decades, two highly industrialized countries with considerable differences regarding political institutions and economic structures will be investigated. Mutual observations, transnational cooperation and European industrial policy will be considered as well. The first step of research will be the compilation of comprehensive data about the respective expenditure in both countries. The figures will especially have to reveal the financing institutions and beneficiaries as well as forms and objectives of subsidies, but also their quantitative importance in regard to overall state expenses and industrial subsidies. Second, contemporary perceptions of innovation and "future industries", economic concepts and their significance in general debates about industrial policies will have to be elaborated. In particular, this applies to the debates about aid to "old" industries that in effect competed with high-tech industries for government funding. At the same time, the project will have to analyze to what degree the promotion of "future industries" reflected general imaginations of economic and social future. Third, important political decisions will be reconstructed in detail to analyze the relevance of single actors and the determinants of their actions. The comparison of respective policies in both countries and in the course of time finally has to rely on the data compiled, contrasting contemporary assessments with long-term quantitative developments. The project will focus on the promotion of industries and single enterprises through government payments and tax deductions but will also consider respective measures of infrastructure or foreign trade policy. Science and university policies, cooperations between enterprises and universities, and in-depth business histories will be disregarded for pragmatic reasons.

历史上对20世纪后30年经济结构变化中政治的研究主要集中在“老”产业（煤炭、钢铁、造船、纺织）的危机上。与此相对，本研究计划将分析以创新为重点的“未来产业”的推进和一般的研究开发。比较联邦共和国和英国从1960年代中期到1980年代末的各自政策，它将特别侧重于航空航天工业以及信息和通信技术。为了探讨各自的政策在多大程度上遵循了具体的国家传统和概念，或者在过去几十年中是否可以观察到任何趋同的一般性问题，将调查两个在政治体制和经济结构方面有很大差异的高度工业化国家。相互观察，跨国合作和欧洲工业政策也将被考虑。研究的第一步将是汇编关于两国各自支出的全面数据。这些数字尤其必须揭示融资机构和受益者以及补贴的形式和目标，而且还要揭示它们在国家总开支和工业补贴方面的数量重要性。第二，必须阐述当代对创新和“未来产业”的看法、经济概念及其在关于产业政策的一般性辩论中的意义。这一点尤其适用于关于援助“老”产业的辩论，这些产业实际上与高科技产业竞争政府资金。同时，该项目还必须分析“未来产业”的推广在多大程度上反映了对经济和社会未来的普遍想象。第三，重要的政治决策将被详细重构，以分析单个行动者的相关性及其行动的决定因素。对两国各自政策的比较以及随着时间的推移，最终必须依靠所汇编的数据，将当代评估与长期数量发展进行对比。该项目将侧重于通过政府付款和减税促进工业和单个企业，但也将考虑基础设施或外贸政策的相应措施。科学和大学的政策，企业和大学之间的合作，以及深入的商业历史将被忽略的务实的原因。