Subsistence strategies, settlement structure, and communication in the Terminal Mesolithic, using the example of a submerged microregion in the Bay of Kiel

以基尔湾水下微区域为例，研究中石器时代末期的生存策略、聚落结构和通讯

• 批准号: 320515447
• 负责人: Dr. Sönke Hartz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Museum für Archäologie Schloss Gottorf
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/320515447?language=en
• 关键词: Subsistence; strategies; settlement; structure; communication

Submarine archaeological investigations in the outer Kiel Fjord revealed organogenic sediments with finds from the pre-pottery Ertebølle phase. These records lie in six metres water depth in an area of fallen oak trunks approx. 900 m off the Stohl cliff line. First test excavations in 2012 gave proof of a substantial inventory and excellent preservation conditions. Especially organic finds were preserved including human remains. Typological and absolute-chronological datings suggest that hunter-gatherers used the site between 5390 and 4750 BC. Therefore the occupation of the site belongs to the prepottery period of the Ertebølle Culture (Jäckelberg and Rosenfelde phase). For that time only few records of in-situ preserved finds are known at the North German Baltic Sea coast. The settlement under investigation was located on the shore of a lagoon where hunters, gatherers and fishermen produced tools made of flint, bone, antler and wood. They exploited their marine and terrestrial environment for food, processed their diet and furthermore used the place for waste disposal. A submarine survey carried out 2014 in an area of 1 ha showed that organic layers containing finds are preserved not only in the sector of the test excavation but also in the surroundings. In addition to that, divers reported more scattered finds and fallen tree trunks as well as exposed organic layers. The scientific significance of the find region Strande lies in its specific period of time which precedes the cultural development of ceramic use, the intensification of contact with fully developed Neolithic cultures, the import of domesticated livestock and finally the complete Neolithic way of life. Next to unsolved chronological research questions there is also a spatial research gap, as only a few late Mesolithic finds are known from the Bay of Kiel. The excellent preservation conditions of the Strande LA 163 site provide great potential for investigating the pre-pottery phase of the Terminal Mesolithic in the micro region of the western Kieler Außenförde. A comparison of the cultural remains allows the reconstruction of contact networks and communication routes to adjacent regions. Moreover, the reconstruction of small-scale landscape development enables the locating of the exact settlement positions in the surrounding of the waste disposal zone. Years of experience in diving archaeology in Denmark and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern give proof that only a systematic search on the seabed can uncover previously unknown find scatters which are otherwise hidden below sand or silt. Its potential can be unlocked using modern submarine excavation techniques which gives evidence about subsistence, settlement structure and settlement organisation of the foragers.

基尔峡湾外部的海底考古调查揭示了前陶器 Ertebølle 阶段的有机沉积物。这些记录位于大约 6 米深的倒下橡树干区域。距离 Stohl 悬崖线 900 米。 2012 年的首次试掘证明了其丰富的库存和良好的保存条件。特别是有机发现被保存下来，包括人类遗骸。类型学和绝对年代测定表明，狩猎采集者在公元前 5390 年至 4750 年之间使用过该地点。因此，该遗址的占领属于埃特伯勒文化的前陶器时期（Jäckelberg 和 Rosenfelde 阶段）。当时，在德国北波罗的海沿岸，现场保存的发现物的记录很少。接受调查的定居点位于泻湖岸边，猎人、采集者和渔民在那里生产燧石、骨头、鹿角和木头制成的工具。他们利用海洋和陆地环境获取食物、加工饮食，并利用这些地方进行废物处理。 2014 年在 1 公顷区域进行的海底勘测表明，含有发现物的有机层不仅保留在试掘区域，而且还保留在周围地区。除此之外，潜水员还报告了更多分散的发现和倒下的树干以及暴露的有机层。斯特兰德地区发现的科学意义在于其特定的时期，该时期先于陶瓷使用文化的发展、与充分发展的新石器时代文化的接触加强、驯养牲畜的进口以及最终完整的新石器时代生活方式。除了未解决的年代研究问题之外，还存在空间研究空白，因为基尔湾仅发现了一些中石器时代晚期的发现。 Strande LA 163 遗址良好的保存条件为研究基勒奥森福德西部微观区域中石器时代末期的前陶器阶段提供了巨大的潜力。通过对文化遗迹的比较，可以重建与邻近地区的联系网络和通讯路线。此外，小规模景观开发的重建可以确定垃圾处理区周边的准确聚落位置。丹麦和梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州多年的潜水考古经验证明，只有对海底进行系统搜索才能发现以前未知的发现分散物，这些分散物原本隐藏在沙子或淤泥下面。它的潜力可以通过现代海底挖掘技术来释放，该技术提供了有关采集者的生存、定居结构和定居组织的证据。