Subsistence strategies, settlement structure, and communication in the Terminal Mesolithic, using the example of a submerged microregion in the Bay of Kiel

外基尔峡湾的海底考古调查发现了有机沉积物，发现了前陶器Ertebølle阶段。这些记录位于6米深的一个倒下的橡树树干区域。900米的斯托尔悬崖线。2012年的首次试掘证明了大量的库存和良好的保存条件。特别是有机发现被保存下来，包括人类遗骸。类型学和绝对年代学的年代测定表明，狩猎采集者在公元前5390年至4750年之间使用了该遗址。因此，该遗址的占领属于Ertebølle文化的前陶器时期（Jäckelberg和Rosenfelde阶段）。当时，在德国北部波罗的海沿岸只有很少的原地保存的发现记录。被调查的定居点位于一个泻湖的海岸，猎人、采集者和渔民在那里生产由燧石、骨头、鹿角和木材制成的工具。他们利用海洋和陆地环境来获取食物，加工他们的饮食，并进一步利用这个地方来处理废物。2014年在一个1公顷的区域进行的海底调查表明，含有发现物的有机层不仅保存在试掘区，而且还保存在周围地区。除此之外，潜水员报告了更多分散的发现和倒下的树干以及暴露的有机层。发现斯特兰德地区的科学意义在于其特定的时期，这一时期先于陶瓷使用的文化发展，与充分发展的新石器时代文化的接触加强，驯养牲畜的进口，以及最终完整的新石器时代生活方式。除了未解决的年代学研究问题之外，还有一个空间研究空白，因为在基尔湾只有少数中石器时代晚期的发现。Strande LA 163遗址的良好保存条件为研究Kieler Außenförde西部微区域中晚期中石器时代的前陶器阶段提供了巨大的潜力。通过对文化遗迹的比较，可以重建与邻近地区的联系网络和通信路线。此外，小规模景观开发的重建使得能够在废物处理区周围定位准确的定居点位置。在丹麦和梅克伦堡-沃尔波梅尔恩进行潜水考古的多年经验证明，只有在海底进行系统的搜索，才能发现以前未知的分散物，否则这些分散物就隐藏在沙子或淤泥下面。它的潜力可以使用现代海底挖掘技术来解锁，这些技术提供了觅食者生存，定居结构和定居组织的证据。

Submarine archaeological investigations in the outer Kiel Fjord revealed organogenic sediments with finds from the pre-pottery Ertebølle phase. These records lie in six metres water depth in an area of fallen oak trunks approx. 900 m off the Stohl cliff line. First test excavations in 2012 gave proof of a substantial inventory and excellent preservation conditions. Especially organic finds were preserved including human remains. Typological and absolute-chronological datings suggest that hunter-gatherers used the site between 5390 and 4750 BC. Therefore the occupation of the site belongs to the prepottery period of the Ertebølle Culture (Jäckelberg and Rosenfelde phase). For that time only few records of in-situ preserved finds are known at the North German Baltic Sea coast. The settlement under investigation was located on the shore of a lagoon where hunters, gatherers and fishermen produced tools made of flint, bone, antler and wood. They exploited their marine and terrestrial environment for food, processed their diet and furthermore used the place for waste disposal. A submarine survey carried out 2014 in an area of 1 ha showed that organic layers containing finds are preserved not only in the sector of the test excavation but also in the surroundings. In addition to that, divers reported more scattered finds and fallen tree trunks as well as exposed organic layers. The scientific significance of the find region Strande lies in its specific period of time which precedes the cultural development of ceramic use, the intensification of contact with fully developed Neolithic cultures, the import of domesticated livestock and finally the complete Neolithic way of life. Next to unsolved chronological research questions there is also a spatial research gap, as only a few late Mesolithic finds are known from the Bay of Kiel. The excellent preservation conditions of the Strande LA 163 site provide great potential for investigating the pre-pottery phase of the Terminal Mesolithic in the micro region of the western Kieler Außenförde. A comparison of the cultural remains allows the reconstruction of contact networks and communication routes to adjacent regions. Moreover, the reconstruction of small-scale landscape development enables the locating of the exact settlement positions in the surrounding of the waste disposal zone. Years of experience in diving archaeology in Denmark and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern give proof that only a systematic search on the seabed can uncover previously unknown find scatters which are otherwise hidden below sand or silt. Its potential can be unlocked using modern submarine excavation techniques which gives evidence about subsistence, settlement structure and settlement organisation of the foragers.