The Presence of the Prophet: Muhammad in the mirror of his community in early modern and modern Islam

先知的存在：现代早期和现代伊斯兰教中穆罕默德在其社区的镜子中

• 批准号: 320992617
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Stefan Reichmuth
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Centre dÉtudes Turques, Ottomanes, Balkaniques et Centrasiatiques (CETOBAC)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/320992617?language=en
• 关键词: Presence; Prophet; Muhammad; mirror; his

Attachment to the Prophet is shared by all the different individuals, groups and communities which define themselves as Muslims, whether Sunnites or Shi'ites, whether attached to the letter or rather the spirit of Islam, whether proponents of Islamic reform or secular Muslims. As a focus for personal emulation and normative precedence and as a source of hope for salvation, cultural pride and empowerment, the Prophet of Islam continues his presence among the Muslim believers. This includes eschatological beliefs about him which connect the beginnings of Islam (and for some also the origin oft he whole created world) with the present time and the end of days. A metahistorical immediacy is also evoked by the transmitted Prophetical sayings, which speak to the believer and suggest blessing and even victory for those who keep hold the Prophetic Sunna. Building on patterns of piety which emerged already in later medieval times, the Prophetic model has since the early modern period (its beginning taken here from c. 1450) increasingly moved among both Sunnite and Shi'ite Muslims into the core of personal and collective efforts to strengthen the individual and to renew Islamic culture and politics. But the increased attachment to the Prophet has equally reinforced and deepened the existing fractures within Islam, and also the tensions and conflicts with non-Muslims, which have gained in intensity whenever the Prophet and his image are at stake. The joint explorative enterprise intended by this Franco-German research group, which has been engaged in academic exchange for a number of years, seeks to explore the various forms of attachment to the Prophet which have contributed to the formation of the Muslim individual and to the development of Islamic culture and politics since the early modern period, in a time of continuing expansion but also decentering of the Muslim world. The three-years programme will in its first year focus on the development of the doctrinal, cultural and medial representations of the Prophet (1. "Representations of the Prophet: figurations and controversies"). It will shift in the second year to the Prophet as a ressource of personal and collective empowerment and of legal and political authority and power (2. "Heirs of the Prophet: authority and power"). The third year will be dedicated to the dynamics of individual and collective experience connected with Prophetic piety (3. "Prophetic piety between individual and collective experience"). The programme is designed to clear the ground for interdisciplinary and comparative approaches to the history of Prophetic piety and its different dimensions since the early modern period. Its larger goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between religion, society and politics in a central field of Islamic culture which has turned over the last decades into an arena of conflict on an increasingly global scale.

对先知的依恋被所有不同的个人、团体和社区所共享，这些个人、团体和社区将自己定义为穆斯林，无论是逊尼派还是什叶派，无论是依附于文字还是伊斯兰教的精神，无论是伊斯兰改革的支持者还是世俗穆斯林。作为个人效仿和规范优先的焦点，作为拯救、文化自豪感和赋权的希望之源，伊斯兰教先知继续存在于穆斯林信徒中。这包括关于他的末世论信仰，它将伊斯兰教的起源(对一些人来说，也是他创造的整个世界的起源)与现在和世界末日联系在一起。传递的预言格言也唤起了一种超历史的直接性，它对信徒说话，并暗示那些持有先知圣训的人的祝福甚至胜利。建立在中世纪晚期已经出现的虔诚模式的基础上，先知模式自早期现代时期(从大约1450年开始在这里开始)以来，越来越多地在逊尼派和什叶派穆斯林中转移到个人和集体努力的核心，以加强个人和更新伊斯兰文化和政治。但是，对先知日益增长的依恋同样加强和加深了伊斯兰教内部现有的裂痕，以及与非穆斯林之间的紧张和冲突，每当先知及其形象岌岌可危时，这种紧张和冲突就会加剧。这个多年来一直从事学术交流的法德研究小组打算进行联合探索，旨在探索自近代以来对先知的各种形式的依恋，这些依恋有助于穆斯林个人的形成和伊斯兰文化和政治的发展，而在穆斯林世界不断扩张的同时，穆斯林世界也在去中心化。这项为期三年的方案在第一年将侧重于发展先知的教义、文化和媒介表现(1。《先知的表述：比喻和争议》)。它将在第二年转移到先知身上，作为个人和集体赋权以及法律和政治权威和权力的来源(2.《先知的继承人：权威与权力》)。第三年将致力于与先知虔诚相关的个人和集体经验的动态(3。“个人经验和集体经验之间的先知虔诚”)。该方案旨在为对先知虔诚的历史及其自早期现代时期以来的不同层面采取跨学科和比较的方法扫清基础。其更大的目标是促进更好地了解伊斯兰文化中心领域中宗教、社会和政治之间的相互作用，过去几十年来，伊斯兰文化领域已成为日益全球性的冲突舞台。