Synthesis of Heterogels from Metal and Metal Oxide Nanocrystals by Means of Cryogelation Method for Application in Electrocatalysis

该项目的目的是生产多孔和自支持的多组分凝胶的形状控制合成的金属，金属氧化物，和金属-金属氧化物混合纳米粒子（NP）通过冷冻凝胶过程，以研究其在电催化中的应用潜力。除了纳米颗粒结构单元的材料性质，如刻面、尺寸、形状和结晶度之外，材料的目标组合有助于优化多组分凝胶网络的电催化效率。重要参数的有针对性的设置应导致基于自支撑纳米颗粒的cryogeel网络的有效电催化剂的优化。由于对尺寸、形状和刻面的高度控制，凝胶网络所需的纳米颗粒结构单元是在湿化学合成路线中生产的。多孔和自支撑多组分凝胶网络的生产是使用冷冻干燥法从水性介质进行的。通过添加冷冻介质，例如液氮，凝胶网络形成通过冰晶生长的突然开始而发生。排出的纳米晶体聚集在微晶之间的空间中，使得它们可以互连到宏观网络。冷冻干燥法的优点是它独立于纳米晶体的表面化学、尺寸、形状和小面化而工作，这里将被利用来合成各种多组分凝胶网络，包括：凝胶网络涂层电极。电化学表征低温气凝胶涂覆的电极的不同材料组成，以比较所使用的结构元件的性能能力。最后，多组分凝胶网络在水环境中的电催化领域的应用潜力有待测试。结果是相互关联的，优化电催化剂的重要参数将被识别和理解。

The aim of the project is to produce porous and self-supportive multicomponent gels from shape-controlled synthesized metal-, metal oxide-, and metal-metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles (NP) by means of cryogelling processes in order to investigate their application potential in electrocatalysis. In addition to the material properties of the nanoparticle building blocks such as faceting, size, shape and crystallinity, the targeted combination of materials contributes to the optimization of the electrocatalytic efficiency of the multi-component gel networks. The targeted setting of the important parameters should lead to the optimization of an effective electrocatalyst on the basis of self-supporting nanoparticle-based cryaerogel networks. Due to the high level of control over size, shape and faceting, the nano-particle building blocks required for the gel networks are produced in wet-chemical synthesis routes. The production of the porous and self-supporting multicomponent gel networks is carried out from an aqueous medium using the cryogelation process. By adding a freezing medium, e.g. liquid nitrogen, the gel network formation occurs through a sudden onset of ice crystal growth. The expelled nanocrystals collect in the space between the crystallites, so that they can interconnect to a macroscopic network. The advantage of the cryogelation method that it works independently from surface chemistry, size, shape and facetation of the nanocrystals, here will be exploited to synthesize various multicomponent gel networks incl. gel network-coated electrodes. The different material compositions of the cryo-aerogel-coated electrodes are characterized electrochemically in order to compare the performance capabilities of the structural elements used. Eventually, the application potential of the multicomponent gel networks in the field of electrocatalysis in an aqueous environment is to be tested. The results are interrelated and the important parameters for optimizing the electrocatalysts will be identified and understood.