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The role of predator-prey naïveté for the invasion success of lady beetles - A comparison of species interactions across two continents

捕食者与被捕食者的天真对于瓢虫入侵成功的作用——两大洲物种相互作用的比较

基本信息

批准号：
322177552
负责人：
Dr. Roman Bucher
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Foitzik - Verhaltensökologie und Soziale Evolution
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/322177552?language=en
关键词：
role predator prey na vet

项目摘要

Invasive species pose a major threat to global biodiversity. Despite the growing scientific literature on detrimental effects of invasive species, we often lack a mechanistic understanding why some species become invasive while others remain benign. Insect predators, in particular, represent a significant portion of the non-native fauna. Possibly, invasive predators might remain undetected by native top-predators and thus suffer less intraguild interference (naïve predator hypothesis). In addition, invasive predators might benefit from the lack of predator avoidance by native prey (naïve prey hypothesis). The ability to recognize non-native predators and consequently the strength of intraguild interference and predator avoidance is expected to depend on cue similarity with native predators. Non-native predators bearing a unique set of cues might have the double advantage of naïve prey and naïve predators and thus outcompete native predators.Lady beetles have been intentionally redistributed across continents as biocontrol agents against aphids, with one species being invasive in two continents. Some aphid species are protected by ants, while others have evolved a characteristic antipredator behavior against lady beetles (e.g. dropping from plants). Due to the strong trophic interdependence and the availability of similar (congeneric species in the invaded range) and novel (no congeneric species in the invaded range) non-native lady beetle species, the ant-lady beetle-aphid system is particularly well suited to test for predator-prey naïveté. Here, we will compare the aggression of ants towards lady beetles, the avoidance behavior of aphids, and the consumption of aphids by lady beetles currently occurring in Europe and in North America. The comparison of interactions with European lady beetles in their native and in the invaded range will reveal whether differences in these interactions contribute to the invasion success. In addition, we will analyze lady beetle cues to quantify cue similarity between native and non-native species. The combination of behavioral experiments with chemical analyses enables us to test the predator-prey naïveté hypothesis.The intercontinental approach is crucial to evaluate the importance of predator-prey naiveté for the invasion success of a non-native species. The proposed project will further contribute to a general mechanistic understanding of biological invasions by relating species interactions to the cue similarity between native and non-native species. This joint approach will not only shed light on the semiochemicals that mediate these interactions but also improve our ability to explain and predict high-impact invasions of insect predators.

入侵物种对全球生物多样性构成重大威胁。尽管关于入侵物种有害影响的科学文献越来越多，但我们往往缺乏对为什么一些物种成为入侵物种而另一些物种保持良性的机械理解。特别是捕食昆虫的动物在非本地动物群中占很大比例。可能的是，入侵的捕食者可能仍然未被本地顶级捕食者发现，因此受到较少的行会内干扰（天真捕食者假说）。此外，入侵捕食者可能会受益于缺乏捕食者回避原生猎物（天真猎物假说）。识别非本地捕食者的能力，从而intraguild干扰和捕食者回避的强度预计将取决于与本地捕食者的线索相似性。非本地的捕食者可能有一套独特的线索，具有天真的猎物和天真的捕食者的双重优势，从而胜过本地捕食者。瓢虫已经被有意地重新分布在各大洲，作为对付蚜虫的生物控制剂，其中一个物种在两个大陆都是入侵者。一些蚜虫物种受到蚂蚁的保护，而另一些则进化出一种针对瓢虫的特有的反捕食行为（例如从植物上掉落）。由于强烈的营养相互依赖性和可用性的类似（在入侵范围内的同类物种）和新的（在入侵范围内没有同类物种）非本地瓢虫物种，蚂蚁瓢虫蚜虫系统是特别适合测试捕食者-猎物天真。在这里，我们将比较蚂蚁对瓢虫的攻击，蚜虫的回避行为，以及目前在欧洲和北美发生的瓢虫对蚜虫的消费。与欧洲瓢虫在其本地和入侵范围内的相互作用的比较将揭示这些相互作用的差异是否有助于入侵的成功。此外，我们将分析瓢虫线索，以量化本地和非本地物种之间的线索相似性。行为实验与化学分析的结合使我们能够检验捕食者-猎物幼稚假说。洲际方法对于评估捕食者-猎物幼稚对非本地物种入侵成功的重要性至关重要。拟议的项目将进一步促进生物入侵的一般机制的理解，通过物种之间的相互作用，本地和非本地物种之间的线索相似性。这种联合方法不仅将揭示介导这些相互作用的化学信息素，而且还将提高我们解释和预测昆虫捕食者高影响入侵的能力。