Early Modes of Writing the Shoah: Practices of Knowledge and Textual Practices of Jewish Survivors in Europe (1942-1965)

这个项目的重点是知识的做法和七个犹太作家谁开发了关于1942年至1965年之间的浩劫写作独特的模式的文本实践。项目的中心是约瑟夫·伍尔夫、米歇尔·博尔维奇、纳赫曼·布卢门塔尔和诺埃·格鲁斯的作品，他们属于波兰的中央犹太历史委员会，后来移民到法国和德国。除了这群作家之外，该项目还研究了战后留在荷兰的两名荷兰犹太人雅克·普雷瑟和阿贝尔·赫茨伯格的作品，以及H. G.来自捷克斯洛伐克的阿德勒，1947年移民到英国。即使在被关押或逃离纳粹的过程中，这些作者仍然进行了关于种族灭绝的研究（包括收集文件和证人报告），并发展了不同的写作模式（文学，证词，学术，不同风格和体裁），阐述了新的知识形式。他们的作品的特点是他们的跨学科和他们的平衡和客观化和主观化之间的姿态转变的方式。这部作品的主体是多价的，一直到不同的写作模式，通过这些模式，文本联合收割机结合并融合了学者与作者和/或目击者的观点。到目前为止，这些作者一直被单独对待，属于离散的知识领域（一些历史，一些文学）。从这种分裂的方法出发，该项目研究了他们的实践的多面性，并进一步询问文本产生的知识和他们采用的写作模式如何破坏甚至超越风格，流派和学科之间的通常划分。作为这一审查的一部分，该项目追求的假设是，所审查的做法代表了一个重大的断裂，可能被解释为“灾难”的结果，降临到人类的知识与浩劫。将根据以下三个方面来分析纳粹浩劫作为知识对象的建立：-介绍一个迄今为止被边缘化的文本集，该文本集是在1961年艾希曼审判所欢呼的“证人时代”之前写的。- 分析围绕这些文本并嵌入特定文化和政治背景的创新知识文化。- 历史和社会科学的认识论与文学和证人证词提供的独特知识形式相结合。该项目的目标依赖于一种跨学科的方法，将历史领域与文学研究结合起来，特别是法国的histoire des écrits（写作史）与德国的Kulturwissenschaft（文化科学）。

This project focuses on the practices of knowledge and the textual practices of seven Jewish authors who developed distinctive modes of writing about the Shoah between 1942 and 1965. At the center of the project stand the works of Joseph Wulf, Michel Borwicz, Nachman Blumental, and Noé Grüss, who belonged to the Central Jewish Historical Commission in Poland and later immigrated to France and Germany. In addition to this group of authors, the project also looks at the works of Jacques Presser and Abel Herzberg, two Dutch Jews who remained in Holland after the war, as well as the writings of H.G. Adler from Czechoslovakia, who immigrated to England in 1947. Even while detained as prisoners or on the run from the Nazis, these authors still conducted research on genocide (including collections of documents and witness reports) and developed different modes of writing (literary, testimonial, academic, in different styles and genres) that articulated new forms of knowledge. Their writings are characterized by their interdisciplinarity and the ways in which they balance and shift between objectivizing and subjectivizing gestures. This body of work is polyvalent right down to the diverse modes of writing, through which the texts combine and blend the perspectives of the scholar with those of the author and/or eyewitness. Up until now, these authors have been treated separately as belonging to discrete fields of knowledge (some to history, some to literature). Departing from this divisive approach, the project examines the multifaceted nature of their practices and further asks how the knowledge the texts produce and the modes of writing they employ undermine or even transcend the usual divisions between styles, genres, and disciplines. As part of this examination, the project pursues the hypothesis that the examined practices represent a significant rupture that might be interpreted as the result of the 'Catastrophe' that befell human knowledge with the Shoah. The establishment of the Shoah as an object of knowledge will be analyzed according to the following three aspects: - The presentation of a heretofore marginalized text collection that was written before the 'era of the witness' hailed by the 1961 Eichmann trial. - The analysis of an innovative culture of knowledge surrounding these texts and embedded in specific cultural and political contexts. - The combination of approaches from the epistemology of history and social science with the unique forms of knowledge that literature and witness testimonies make available. The goals of the project rely on an interdisciplinary approach that unites the field of history with literary studies, in particular the French histoire des écrits ('History of writing') with the German Kulturwissenschaft ('cultural science').