Early Modes of Writing the Shoah: Practices of Knowledge and Textual Practices of Jewish Survivors in Europe (1942-1965)

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This project focuses on the practices of knowledge and the textual practices of seven Jewish authors who developed distinctive modes of writing about the Shoah between 1942 and 1965. At the center of the project stand the works of Joseph Wulf, Michel Borwicz, Nachman Blumental, and Noé Grüss, who belonged to the Central Jewish Historical Commission in Poland and later immigrated to France and Germany. In addition to this group of authors, the project also looks at the works of Jacques Presser and Abel Herzberg, two Dutch Jews who remained in Holland after the war, as well as the writings of H.G. Adler from Czechoslovakia, who immigrated to England in 1947. Even while detained as prisoners or on the run from the Nazis, these authors still conducted research on genocide (including collections of documents and witness reports) and developed different modes of writing (literary, testimonial, academic, in different styles and genres) that articulated new forms of knowledge. Their writings are characterized by their interdisciplinarity and the ways in which they balance and shift between objectivizing and subjectivizing gestures. This body of work is polyvalent right down to the diverse modes of writing, through which the texts combine and blend the perspectives of the scholar with those of the author and/or eyewitness. Up until now, these authors have been treated separately as belonging to discrete fields of knowledge (some to history, some to literature). Departing from this divisive approach, the project examines the multifaceted nature of their practices and further asks how the knowledge the texts produce and the modes of writing they employ undermine or even transcend the usual divisions between styles, genres, and disciplines. As part of this examination, the project pursues the hypothesis that the examined practices represent a significant rupture that might be interpreted as the result of the 'Catastrophe' that befell human knowledge with the Shoah. The establishment of the Shoah as an object of knowledge will be analyzed according to the following three aspects: - The presentation of a heretofore marginalized text collection that was written before the 'era of the witness' hailed by the 1961 Eichmann trial. - The analysis of an innovative culture of knowledge surrounding these texts and embedded in specific cultural and political contexts. - The combination of approaches from the epistemology of history and social science with the unique forms of knowledge that literature and witness testimonies make available. The goals of the project rely on an interdisciplinary approach that unites the field of history with literary studies, in particular the French histoire des écrits ('History of writing') with the German Kulturwissenschaft ('cultural science').