Dirt. Aesthetics and Epistemology of a Motif in Caribbean Literatures and Cultural Theory

在加勒比地区所谓的不稳定文学中，主要的主题起源于肮脏、排泄物、垃圾、垃圾、残渣和垃圾的语义领域。这些主题的功能是作为特定的字面所指的话语谈判有关杂质和污染的想法。我的论文分析了西班牙语和法语加勒比文本从历时的角度来看，共享这些图案，但属性不同的隐喻和寓言功能。调查的文本机构，是由文学唤起的“物质”肮脏的影响，并分析其关系的污染和杂质的文化理论的理论观点，论文探讨了认同和政治主观性的青睐，在加勒比地区的污垢叙事。曼努埃尔·芝诺·甘迪亚（Manuel Zeno Gandia）1900年左右的自然主义小说，在物质肮脏、社会和道德堕落、身体疾病和对种族不洁的生物政治焦虑之间建立了惊人的相似之处。这种话语的星座被发现是互连到19世纪世纪知识范式有关的避免污染，也表达在非文学体裁，如流行的卫生手册。与这些可追溯到殖民地知识星座的对纯洁性的文化痴迷相比，本文感知到了21世纪世纪之交的话语转变。在加勒比讨论的不同领域中占主导地位的知识范式现在被证明是积极的，而不是污染的腐败潜力。在加勒比文化理论中，以及在帕特里克·查莫索（Patrick Chamoiseau）等文学作品中，循环数字被视为一种新的生产性物质文化。象征性的浪费和卑鄙体现了一个认识论的潜力在这里的来源，并对“不纯”的正式方法的偏好被证明构成一种形式的文化批判。另一方面，尽管如此，污垢主题在加勒比地区的一些世纪末小说中也占据了关键的主角地位，为它提供了负面的内涵。佩德罗·胡安·古铁雷斯（Pedro Juan Gutierrez）和埃德加多·罗德里格斯·朱莉娅（Edgardo Rodriguez Julia）小说中的“肮脏现实主义”诗学表达了对他们那个时代的主流知识范式的矛盾立场，引发了对当代理论偏好的批判性反思，将“不洁”作为文化批判的想象基础。

Predominant motifs in what could be called a literature of precarity in the Caribbean originate in the semantic field of the dirty, the excremental, litter, garbage, residue and trash. These motifs function as particular literal referents in relation to discourses negotiating ideas about impurity and contamination. My dissertation analyzes hispano- and francophone Caribbean texts from a diachronic perspective that share these motifs, but attribute different metaphorical and allegorical functions to them. 'Investigating the textual agencies that are effected by the literary evocations of 'material' dirtiness; and analyzing their relation to theoretical perspectives on contamination and impurity in cultural theory, the dissertation inquires the identifications and political subjectivities favored by narratives about dirt in the Caribbean. Naturalist novels like those by Manuel Zeno Gandia from around 1900, establish striking parallels between the representation of material dirtiness, social and moral degeneration, physical illness and biopolitical anxieties about racial impurity. This discursive constellation is found to be interconnected to 19th century knowledge-paradigms concerned with the avoidance of contamination which are expressed also in non-literary genres like the popular manuals of hygiene. In contrast to these cultural obsessions with purity, traceable to colonial constellations of knowledge, the dissertation perceives a discursive shift closed around the turn of the 21st century. Dominant paradigms of knowledge in different fields of Caribbean discourse are now shown to be privileging rather the positive than the corruptive potential of contaminations. In Caribbean cultural theory as well as in literary texts like those by Patrick Chamoiseau, recycling figures as a new productive material culture. Symbolic waste and the abject embody sources of an epistemological potential here, and the preference for 'impure' formal approaches is demonstrated to constitute a form of cultural critique. On the other hand, though, the motif of dirt is also occupying a pivotal protagonism in some Caribbean end-of-the-century-novels providing it with negative connotations. The poetics of 'dirty realism' in novels by Pedro Juan Gutierrez and Edgardo Rodriguez Julia articulate ambivalent positions towards the dominant paradigms of knowledge of their time, inducing to critically reconsider the contemporary theoretical preference for 'impurity' as an imaginative basis for cultural critique.