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Shining (New) Light on Regional Inequality, Convergence and Development

照亮区域不平等、融合与发展的（新）光芒

基本信息

批准号：
323784866
负责人：
Dr. Richard Bluhm
金额：
--
依托单位：
Professur für VWL, insb. Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/323784866?language=en
关键词：
Shining New Light Regional Inequality

项目摘要

Rapid economic growth in emerging and developing countries brought down global income inequality over the last decades, but also spurred increasing regional inequalities within countries. Uneven growth implies that not all geographic regions or ethnicities benefit equally from growing prosperity and global integration at the country level. The resulting interregional differences can have profound interactions with society and politics, in particular when they are associated with distributional disputes or civil conflict. Hence, understanding the level, the evolution and the causes of spatial inequalities are important research areas to which this project contributes.The proposed project breaks new ground in analyzing regional inequalities and regional development across the globe. While previous studies were constrained by the limited availability of reliable regional accounts (which are usually only available in richer countries with high statistical capacity), our project works with satellite data of nighttime luminosity instead. Night lights have proved to be a reliable indicator of economic activity at the local level. Put simply, regions with a higher income per capita look brighter from outer space (e.g. see Henderson et al. 2012). Satellite data have many advantages: they cover the whole world, are objective and comparable across regions. Thanks to the high resolution of the raster data, they can also be flexibly aggregated and thus free us from the confines of administrative regions.The project analyses regional inequality, regional convergence and their root causes using satellite data on nighttime luminosity. It consists of three related research questions that are to be studied jointly in Hannover, Hamburg and Braunschweig. i) The first challenge is the construction of a consistent data set of nighttime luminosity and light inequality at different spatial resolutions. The task involves developing procedures to correct measurement errors, studying suitable inequality measures, and examining how the level of spatial aggregation influences the results. A key goal is to establish a best-practice standard for users of the lights data and to facilitate its adoption by the broader community. ii) The new data will then be used to investigate regional convergence within countries. The aim is to identify growth clusters using a new spatially explicit measure of club-convergence and describe their success strategies. iii) Finally, whether regions converge and inequalities decline ultimately depends on geographical, social and political economy factors. Our new data put us in a position to rephrase the so-called Geography Hypothesis. We conjecture that exogenous geographical factors determine regional inequalities, which in turn have negative repercussions on national development. Special attention will be paid to the role of political institutions, which are likely to mitigate the influence of regional inequalities on development.

新兴国家和发展中国家的快速经济增长在过去几十年里减少了全球收入不平等，但也刺激了各国内部日益加剧的区域不平等。增长不平衡意味着，并非所有地理区域或族裔都平等地从国家一级日益繁荣和全球一体化中受益。由此产生的区域间差异可能与社会和政治产生深刻的相互作用，特别是当它们与分配争端或国内冲突联系在一起时。因此，了解空间不平等的程度、演变和原因是该项目贡献的重要研究领域。拟议的项目在分析全球区域不平等和区域发展方面开辟了新的天地。虽然之前的研究受到可靠区域数据有限的限制(通常只有在统计能力较高的富裕国家才能获得)，但我们的项目使用的是夜间光度的卫星数据。事实证明，夜灯是地方一级经济活动的可靠指标。简而言之，人均收入较高的地区从外层空间看起来更明亮(例如，参见Henderson等人的研究)。2012年)。卫星数据有许多优势：它们覆盖全球，具有客观性和跨地区可比性。由于栅格数据的高分辨率，它们还可以灵活地聚合，从而使我们摆脱行政区域的限制。该项目利用卫星夜间光度数据分析了地区不平等、地区趋同及其根本原因。它由三个相关的研究问题组成，将在汉诺威、汉堡和布伦斯韦格联合研究。I)第一个挑战是建立不同空间分辨率的夜间光度和光线不均匀的一致数据集。这项任务涉及制定纠正测量误差的程序，研究适当的不平等衡量标准，并检查空间聚集水平如何影响结果。一个关键目标是为灯光数据的用户建立一个最佳做法标准，并促进更广泛的社区采用该标准。二)然后将使用新数据来调查各国内部的区域趋同。其目的是使用一种新的空间上明确的俱乐部趋同衡量标准来识别增长集群，并描述它们的成功战略。三)最后，区域融合和不平等是否缩小最终取决于地理、社会和政治经济因素。我们的新数据让我们能够重新表述所谓的地理假说。我们推测，外生地理因素决定了地区不平等，而不平等反过来又对国家发展产生了负面影响。将特别注意政治机构的作用，这可能会减轻区域不平等对发展的影响。