Articulatory settings of English, Japanese, and Chinese bilingual and trilingual speakers

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With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic in FY2022, new data collection was not possible, and an application was made to extend this kakenhi grant for one year. Instead of data collection, existing data was further analyzed. Books on the phonology of standard Chinese, on English pronunciation, and on voice quality were purchased to assist with training of research assistants and selection of stimuli for upcoming experiments.A paper called "In search of the origin of articulatory settings: Japanese-English bilinguals" was submitted to the well-known Scopus-indexed journal "Language and Speech". Strong interest was shown by the publishers and reviewers, and we are currently revising the paper for resubmission in FY2023.