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Hungerstrike. The History of a Form of Protest in the United States, 1880 to World War II

绝食抗议。

基本信息

批准号：
329546704
负责人：
Professor Dr. Martin H. Geyer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung für Neueste Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/329546704?language=en
关键词：
Hungerstrike.History Form Protest United

项目摘要

Since the end of the nineteenth century, hunger strikes have been used as a means of radical protest that effectively attracts publicity. From a transnational perspective, the project focuses on the adoption, application, and reception of hunger strikes in the United States. The study covers the period from the late nineteenth century to the end of the 1960s, thus ensuring that a close look can be taken of the first media coverage of hunger strikes by American actors in the late nineteenth century, the established use of this form of protest by political prisoners starting in 1914, and the hunger strikes in the social movements of the 1960s. The central question is: In which contexts were the refusal to eat effectively used and perceived as a form of protest and how did hunger strikes become established as a new instrument of political protest? From this, four general questions arise. First, to which social environment were those involved in hunger strikes linked and which public did they address? Second, can hunger strikes be understood as a form of protest specific to states of emergency? Third, what does the practice of refusing food mean for the actors themselves, especially when such protest can end in the self-sacrifice of their own lives? And fourth, in which political debates did actors resort to hunger strikes and how were these strikes perceived and interpreted both in the media and in scholarly work? In addition, the project aims to open up the social and cultural history of the United States to a pointedly transnational perspective in order to reconstruct the importance of how political (fasting) practices from Russia, Great Britain, and India were received.

自十九世纪末以来，绝食抗议一直被用作有效吸引公众关注的激进抗议手段。从跨国角度来看，该项目重点关注绝食抗议在美国的采用、应用和接受。该研究涵盖了从19世纪末到20世纪60年代末的时期，从而确保可以仔细观察19世纪末美国演员绝食抗议的首次媒体报道、1914年开始政治犯对这种抗议形式的既定使用以及1960年代社会运动中的绝食抗议。核心问题是：在哪些背景下，拒绝进食被有效利用并被视为一种抗议形式，绝食抗议是如何成为一种新的政治抗议工具的？由此，出现了四个一般性问题。首先，绝食活动与哪些社会环境有关，针对的是哪些公众？第二，绝食是否可以理解为针对紧急状态的一种抗议形式？第三，拒绝食物的做法对演员本身意味着什么，特别是当这种抗议可能以自我牺牲自己的生命而告终时？第四，在哪些政治辩论中演员采取了绝食抗议，媒体和学术著作如何看待和解释这些罢工？此外，该项目旨在以跨国视角打开美国的社会和文化历史，以重建俄罗斯、英国和印度政治（禁食）实践的重要性。