Initiation of a species-level fossil diatom image database

在2022年，我再次关注始新世，特别是摩尔斯（日德兰半岛），它包含了许多可疑的根管菌属，似乎属于长鼻科。其中一个物种，杜比亚红霉，似乎有一个复杂的生命周期——发表的两个标本的插图显示了包括杜比亚假根霉和一种未命名的根梭菌的组合细胞。我们的结果表明后者是一个长鼻目物种，尽管观察了数百个标本，但没有看到组合细胞。由于它独特的长中棘，我们把它命名为“皮诺曹长棘”。在一些标本中还发现了瓣片和瓣片基部的连续区域——这是迄今为止发现的最古老的瓣片记录，也证明了一些长鼻龙化石能够制造短链（Abe & Jordan, 2022）。与P.白垩纪谱系的脊状形式不同，P. pinchioi结合了P. barboi谱系（具有大极性刺）和P. alata谱系（具有钳形）两个后续谱系的特征。沼地的其他物种（clavigera、R. fragilis、R. juetlandica、R. sp. 1、R. sp. 3）也需要转移到长鼻科。对其他始新世遗址也进行了进一步的研究。值得注意的是，在北极中部、加利福尼亚、巴巴多斯、以色列和奥马鲁的样本中观察到具有锯齿边缘的长鼻螈。而另一种长鼻目动物在北极中部形成了席子。中始新世北半球和南半球的组合也有明显的差异，这一趋势在早渐新世组合中也很明显。

During 2022, I focused again on the Eocene, particularly Mors (Jutland) which contains a number of dubious Rhizosolenia spp. that appear to belong to Proboscia. One of these species, R. dubia, had a seemingly complicated life cycle - published illustrations of two specimens had shown combination cells involving Pseudopyxilla dubia and an unnamed Rhizosolenia species. Our results demonstrated that the latter was a Proboscia species and despite observing hundreds of specimens, no combination cells were seen. We named this species, Proboscia pinocchioi, due to its unique long middle spinula. Some specimens were also seen with claspers and contiguous areas on the valve base - this is the oldest record of claspers found to date, and proof that some fossil Proboscia were capable of making short chains (Abe & Jordan, 2022). Unlike the ridged forms of the P. cretacea lineage, P. pinocchioi combines characters of the two subsequent lineages, the P. barboi lineage (with large polar spines) and P. alata lineage (with claspers). Other species in Mors (R. clavigera, R. fragilis, R. juetlandica, R. sp. 1, R. sp. 3) will also need transferring to Proboscia. Further research was also conducted on other Eocene sites. Notably, Proboscia spp. with serrated edges were observed in samples from the Central Arctic, California, Barbados, Israel and Oamaru. While another Proboscia sp. in the Central Arctic formed mats. There were also clear differences between the Middle Eocene assemblages of the northern and southern hemispheres, a trend which was also apparent in Early Oligocene assemblages.