Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Compositions of the Groundwater and Surface Runoff in the Jordan Rift Valley (Case Study for Ramallah Jerusalem Sub-basin)

由于中东地区的水资源稀缺，管理备选方案和最佳水分配政策应旨在保护这些资源的质量，同时利用所有常规和非常规来源。这项工作的目的是评估不同的人为和自然流出物的水循环的一部分，在研究领域开始的降水补给区在山上，其次是溪流和wadis径流和结束的威尔斯和泉水在约旦裂谷的蒸发地下水。为实现这一主要目标，将全面评估不同倾倒场、废水流和工业对该系统造成的潜在点源和非点源污染。这主要是通过对地表水和地下水中主要成分进行时空采样和监测来实现的。目的是利用这项工作的空间和计算能力进行数据评价和评估，特别是追踪污染指标的时间和空间趋势以及淡水与其他污染物流的混合情况，并设想对这项工作的一般产出进行后处理，使之成为该领域有关机构可以互动方式阅读的格式。这项工作的成果将使经济和环境评估，以优化拉马拉-耶路撒冷分流域的淡水消费。此外，环境后果也可以得到现实的评估。

Since the water resources in the Middle East area is scarce, management options and optimal water allocation policies should aim at protecting the quality of these resources while making use of all the conventional and non-conventional sources. This work aims at assessing the impact of different anthropogenic and natural effluent to a part of the water cycle in the study area beginning with the precipitation in the zone of recharge in the upper mountains followed by the streams and wadis runoff and ending by the percolated groundwater from the wells and springs in the Jordan rift valley. This main objective will be achieved by an overall assessment of the potential point and non-point sources of pollution contributing to the system from different dumping sites, wastewater streams and industries. This mainly could be achieved through sampling and monitoring the main constituents in surface and groundwater spatially and temporarily. The intent is to utilize spatial and computational capabilities in this work for data evaluations and assessments, in particular for tracing the temporal and spatial trends of pollution indicators as well as the mixing of freshwater with other pollutants streams, and conceivably to post-process the general outputs from this work into a format that is readable by the related institutes in the area in an interactive manner. The outcome of this work will enable the economic and environmental assessment to optimizing the freshwater consuming in Ramallah-Jerusalem sub-basin. In addition, the environmental consequences can be realistically evaluated.