CAREER: Investigating the Impact of Temporal and Spatial Variations on Lava Emplacement Through Numerical and Physical Models

职业：通过数值和物理模型研究时空变化对熔岩埋置的影响

• 批准号: 1654588
• 负责人: Einat Lev
• 金额: $ 54万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1654588&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Investigating; Impact; Temporal; Spatial

Effusive volcanic eruptions, such as those observed in Hawaii, are the primary mechanism for emplacing magma at the surface of terrestrial planets and moons to create new land. Lava flows and domes hold key information about planetary evolution. On Earth, the products of effusive eruptions - lava flows and domes - present a serious natural hazard to nearby populations. Thus, understanding what controls lava emplacement is crucial to mitigation of those hazards not only for humans but also to livestock and crops. This CAREER project aims to improve scientific understanding of effusive volcanic eruptions, that is, eruptions that produce lava flows and domes. Specifically, the project examines and quantifies the influence of temporal in lava effusion, and spatial variations in the environment onto which the lava is emplaced, on flow emplacement and stability. The project uses a combination of new numerical models and fluid mechanics experiments. The project team includes an early-career female principal investigator, a graduate student, and high-school students and teachers from underrepresented groups in the geosciences. Field data from recent eruptions, made possible by advances in observations techniques, have challenged existing models of lava emplacement. Observations suggest an important influence of temporal variations in lava effusion and of spatial variations in pre-existing environment on the evolution and final structure of lava flows and the stability of domes. The main tools this project will employ are numerical models and fluid mechanics experiments using liquids analogous to natural lavas. The numerical models will be designed to accommodate temporal and spatial variability in lava emplacement. The codes will be open-source and benchmarked, so that others in the community can use them further. Fluid mechanics experiments will use both analog materials such as syrup and wax, and molten natural basalts. Careful rheological analysis will accompany the experiments and be used to inform the numerical models, and scaling analysis will ensure transferability of the results to natural systems. The results of this project are likely to improve the assessment and mitigation of volcanic hazards through and enhanced understanding of the processes that control lava emplacement. The public appeal of volcanology will be harnessed to promote Earth Science literacy, scientific careers and college preparedness for high-school students, particularly at underserved and underrepresented communities. This project involves an international collaboration with scientists in Europe and strengthens collaboration between university scientists and the United States Geological Survey (USGS).

喷涌的火山爆发，如在夏威夷观察到的，是在类地行星和卫星表面安置岩浆以创造新陆地的主要机制。熔岩流和圆顶保存着行星演化的关键信息。在地球上，喷发的产物--熔岩流和圆顶--对附近的居民构成了严重的自然危害。因此，了解是什么控制了熔岩的就位，对于减轻这些危害至关重要，不仅对人类，而且对牲畜和农作物。这个CAREER项目旨在提高对喷涌式火山喷发的科学理解，即产生熔岩流和圆顶的喷发。具体来说，该项目检查和量化的熔岩渗出时间的影响，和空间变化的环境中的熔岩被安置，流动安置和稳定性。该项目使用了新的数值模型和流体力学实验相结合。该项目团队包括一名职业生涯早期的女性首席研究员，一名研究生，以及来自地球科学代表性不足群体的高中学生和教师。由于观测技术的进步，最近喷发的现场数据成为可能，对现有的熔岩就位模型提出了挑战。观测结果表明，在熔岩渗出的时间变化和空间变化的影响，在预先存在的环境的熔岩流的演化和最终结构和圆顶的稳定性。该项目将采用的主要工具是数值模型和使用类似于天然熔岩的液体的流体力学实验。数字模型的设计将考虑到熔岩就位的时间和空间变化。这些代码将是开源的，并经过基准测试，以便社区中的其他人可以进一步使用它们。流体力学实验将使用糖浆和蜡等模拟材料以及熔融的天然玄武岩。仔细的流变分析将伴随着实验，并用于通知数值模型，缩放分析将确保结果的可移植性，以自然系统。这一项目的成果很可能通过加强对控制熔岩就位过程的了解，改进对火山灾害的评估和减轻。火山学的公众吸引力将被利用来促进地球科学素养，科学事业和高中生的大学准备，特别是在服务不足和代表性不足的社区。该项目涉及与欧洲科学家的国际合作，并加强了大学科学家与美国地质调查局（USGS）之间的合作。

项目成果

Standing waves in high speed lava channels: A tool for constraining lava dynamics and eruptive parameters

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106944
• 发表时间: 2020-09-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Le Moigne, Y.;Zurek, J. M.;Anzieta, J.
• 通讯作者: Anzieta, J.

A discontinuous Galerkin finite-element model for fast channelized lava flows v1.0

快速通道化熔岩流的不连续伽辽金有限元模型 v1.0

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-3553-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Conroy, Colton J.;Lev, Einat
• 通讯作者: Lev, Einat

Mapping and classification of volcanic deposits using multi-sensor unoccupied aerial systems

使用多传感器无人航空系统对火山沉积物进行测绘和分类

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112581
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Remote Sensing of Environment
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Carr, Brett B.;Lev, Einat;Sawi, Theresa;Bennett, Kristen A.;Edwards, Christopher S.;Soule, S. Adam;Vallejo Vargas, Silvia;Marliyani, Gayatri Indah
• 通讯作者: Marliyani, Gayatri Indah

Lava–water interaction and hydrothermal activity within the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Lava Flow Field, Iceland

2014 年至 2015 年冰岛 Holuhraun 熔岩流场内熔岩与水的相互作用和热液活动

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107100
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Dundas, Colin M.;Keszthelyi, Laszlo;Lev, Einat;Rumpf, M. Elise;Hamilton, Christopher W.;Höskuldsson, Ármann;Thordarson, Thorvaldur
• 通讯作者: Thordarson, Thorvaldur

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multi‐Phase Lava Flow Analogs: Velocity and Rheology

多相熔岩流类似物的磁共振成像：速度和流变学

• DOI: 10.1029/2023jb026464
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
• 作者: Birnbaum, Janine;Zia, Wasif;Bordbar, Alireza;Lee, Ray F.;Boyce, Christopher M.;Lev, Einat
• 通讯作者: Lev, Einat