Power Training in Older Adults: From Neurophysiology / Neuromechanics to Daily Live

老年人的力量训练：从神经生理学/神经力学到日常生活

• 批准号: 345340115
• 负责人: Dr. Christoph Mickel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Faculty for Motor Sciences Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/345340115?language=en
• 关键词: Power; Training; Older; Adults; Neurophysiology

The incidence of falls per year in the population aged 65 years and older is around 35% and increases for persons older than 80 years to more than 50%. Around 80% of those falls could result from intrinsic factors related to the age-related loss of motor function due to a loss of motor units, changes in fibre type compositions, reduced neuromuscular activation, and a slowed rate of muscle activation. An active life style including physical exercises can partly counteract the age-related alterations of the neuromuscular system. From a functional point of view, a positive correlation between maximal strength respectively rate of force development and postural control exists. However, neither the optimal combination of exercise volume and intensity nor the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of the concurrent training regimen have been revealed in the elderly. Experimental studies with young adults have shown that strength training with higher loads increases maximal force production and thereby rate of force development, whereas strength training with smaller loads and maximal movement velocity only increases rate of force development. The underlying physiological effects and if elderly persons organisms respond in the same way has not been fully documented and is the main purpose of this project. The following research design can yield a substantial amount of useful knowledge in this context: 30 adults (> 65 years, genders divided equally), who will be split into two intervention groups through parallelization (criteria will be gender and maximal force production), will exercise their dorsiflexor muscles for a period of 12 weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week. One group (Tpower) will perform a power training program with 5 sets of 8 repetitions at an intensity of 30% to 40% of their individual one repetition maximum (1RM) and 3 minutes of rest between the sets, whereas the second group (Tstrength) will perform a training program with 6 sets of 6 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of 1RM and 3 minutes of rest between the sets. By means of biomechanical measurements the exercise-induced adaptations will be captured and neurophysiological techniques will reveal the underlying mechanisms. The electrophysiological characteristics of single motor units of tibialis anterior will be determined via fine-wire electrodes. Further, surface-electromyographic data of tibialis anterior, soleus, and gastrocnemius medialis will be determined and the resultant torque will be identified using force transducers.

65岁及以上人群每年跌倒的发生率约为35%，80岁以上人群的跌倒发生率则上升至50%以上。大约 80% 的跌倒可能是由于与年龄相关的运动功能丧失相关的内在因素造成的，这种丧失是由于运动单位的丧失、纤维类型组成的变化、神经肌肉激活的减少和肌肉激活速度的减慢所致。包括体育锻炼在内的积极生活方式可以部分抵消与年龄相关的神经肌肉系统的变化。从功能的角度来看，最大力量或力量发展速率与姿势控制之间存在正相关关系。然而，对于老年人来说，运动量和强度的最佳组合以及同时训练方案的潜在神经生理机制都尚未被揭示。对年轻人的实验研究表明，较高负荷的力量训练会增加最大力量产生，从而增加力量发展的速率，而较小负荷和最大运动速度的力量训练只会增加力量发展的速率。潜在的生理影响以及老年人的有机体是否以同样的方式做出反应尚未得到充分记录，这是该项目的主要目的。以下研究设计可以在这方面产生大量有用的知识：30 名成年人（> 65 岁，性别均等）将通过并行化分为两个干预组（标准是性别和最大力量产生），将锻炼他们的背屈肌，为期 12 周，频率为每周 3 次。一组 (Tpower) 将执行 5 组，每组 8 次重复，强度为个人一次重复最大值 (1RM) 的 30% 至 40%，组间休息 3 分钟，而第二组 (Tstrength) 将执行 6 组，每组 6 次重复，强度为 1RM 80% 的训练计划，组间休息 3 分钟。通过生物力学测量，运动引起的适应将被捕获，神经生理学技术将揭示潜在的机制。胫骨前肌单个运动单位的电生理特征将通过细线电极确定。此外，将确定胫骨前肌、比目鱼肌和腓肠肌内侧肌的表面肌电图数据，并使用力传感器识别所得扭矩。