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Major factors controlling diversity in Cenozoic terrestrial herbivores

控制新生代陆生食草动物多样性的主要因素

基本信息

批准号：
351155510
负责人：
Professor Dr. Johannes Müller, since 3/2018
金额：
--
依托单位：
Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung (MfN)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/351155510?language=en
关键词：
Major factors controlling diversity Cenozoic

项目摘要

Is species diversity un-bounded or is it constrained by ecological limits? Are these limits fixed or do they fluctuate? Are these limits imposed by biotic competition, or by physical drivers (e.g. climate)? Do phenotypic innovations release ecological bounds to diversity? These are crucial aspects of evolution and macroecology that remain poorly understood. Although several neontological methods (i.e. based on molecular phylogenies) have been developed to answer these questions, they have limited power to reconstruct the dynamics of both past diversification (the balance between speciation and extinction) and phenotypic evolution. This is especially the case for extinct clades or clades with few living representatives. On the other hand, process-based approaches that use information from the fossil record but also incorporate factors potentially affecting diversity have not been available to paleontologists until very recently (e.g. 2015). I here propose to apply such analytical methods (included in the software PyRate) to analyze the rich fossil record of Cenozoic terrestrial large herbivores (Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea; over 2,000 species) and to investigate the main factors controlling their diversification. I aim to test: (i) whether diversification has any bounds and (ii) whether intrinsic factors (diversity dependence, competition, predation, phenotypic innovation) have a more prevalent role in controlling diversification than extrinsic factors (climate, productivity, etc.). Importantly, in the proposed approach, diversity-dependence, competition, morphospace evolution and climate will be directly fed into diversification models and can be directly compared in a probabilistic framework. As part of the project I will develop new functionalities for PyRate that will improve our ability to investigate diversity dynamics and diversification drivers, and shed new lights on the speciation and extinction dynamics of three major mammalian clades.

物种多样性是无限的还是受生态限制的？这些限制是固定的还是波动的？这些限制是由生物竞争还是物理驱动因素（如气候）造成的？表型创新是否释放了多样性的生态界限？这些都是进化和宏观生态学的关键方面，仍然知之甚少。虽然已经开发了几种新的方法（即基于分子生物学）来回答这些问题，但它们在重建过去多样化（物种形成和灭绝之间的平衡）和表型进化的动力学方面的能力有限。对于灭绝的分支或很少有活的代表的分支来说，情况尤其如此。另一方面，基于过程的方法，使用来自化石记录的信息，但也包括可能影响多样性的因素，直到最近（例如2015年）才被古生物学家所采用。本文拟应用PyRate软件中的分析方法，分析新生代陆生大型食草动物（偶蹄目、奇蹄目、长鼻目等2,000余种）丰富的化石记录，探讨其多样性的主要控制因素。我的目标是测试：（一）多样化是否有任何界限;（二）内在因素（多样性依赖、竞争、掠夺、表型创新）在控制多样化方面是否比外在因素（气候、生产力等）具有更普遍的作用。重要的是，在所提出的方法中，多样性依赖，竞争，形态空间演变和气候将直接输入多样化模型，并可以直接在概率框架中进行比较。作为项目的一部分，我将为PyRate开发新的功能，这将提高我们调查多样性动态和多样化驱动因素的能力，并为三个主要哺乳动物分支的物种形成和灭绝动态提供新的线索。