Cloistered Boyhood. Becoming a Man at Boarding Schools in Germany and England, 1870 to 1930

与世隔绝的童年。

• 批准号: 353613065
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Daniel Gerster
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg (FZH)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/353613065?language=en
• 关键词: Cloistered; Boyhood.; Becoming; Man; Boarding

What qualifies a man as a man depends on many things: his relations to other men and women, his own age and sexuality, but also his social class, religion, and national affiliation. Thus, being a man can find expression in different concepts and social practices, and has been a controversial issue throughout history. Youth has offered a new battlefield for those conflicts ever since societies in Western Europe re-discovered it as an independent phase of life between childhood and adulthood in the late 19th century. In which way, however, did a boy differ from a man, and how did boys in fact become men? Questions like these were now in view and heavily contested in debates on adolescent masculinities. Answers varied depending on the social, religious, and national background of the speaker. Differences appeared especially in boarding schools where boyhood and male education were imagined and practiced without familial involvement and in a cloistered environment.The research project will systematically historicize the semantics and practices of adolescent masculinities applied in school boarding in Germany and England between 1870 and 1930. By examining carefully selected examples like the traditional English boarding school Harrow or the German reform boarding school Schloss Bieberstein, the study will ask:1. Which concepts of adolescent masculinity did pedagogues and teachers of boarding schools advertise? How did they differentiate these ideas from other gender concepts? And what were the impacts of the social dispositions of different speakers?2. In which form was masculinity actually practiced in different boarding schools? How were the practices of becoming a man connected to the social function of boarding schools as elite, reformist, or religious institutions? And how did semantics and practices interconnect?3. Which differences existed between concepts and social practices of adolescent masculinity in Germany and England, and which transnational interdependencies? What influence did historical events like female emancipation, or the First World War, have?By answering these questions, the research project will contribute to fundamental debates regarding the contemporary histories of youth and masculinity. It will explore how (new) concepts of adolescent masculinity emerged during the late 19th century, and explain how their transformation during the following decades connected to factors like social class and religion, and to the broader historical context. In addition, the study will provide historical answers to the long neglected question of the part social practices played in shaping men. It is expected that despite evident differences, concepts and practices of adolescent masculinity will interact. Finally, by comparing Germany and England, the research project will analyse structural similarities and differences between masculinities in Western Europe, thereby testing the concept of High Modernity and its associated claims.

男人的资格取决于许多因素：他与其他男人和女人的关系，他自己的年龄和性取向，以及他的社会阶层、宗教和民族归属。因此，做人可以在不同的概念和社会实践中得到表达，这在整个历史上一直是一个有争议的问题。自从19世纪末西欧社会重新发现青年是儿童和成人之间的一个独立的人生阶段以来，青年就为这些冲突提供了一个新的战场。然而，男孩在哪方面与男人不同，男孩实际上是如何成为男人的？像这样的问题现在已经摆在人们的面前，并在关于青少年男子气概的辩论中展开了激烈的辩论。答案因说话人的社会、宗教和国家背景而异。差异在寄宿学校尤其明显，在寄宿学校，男孩和男性的教育是在没有家庭参与的情况下，在与世隔绝的环境中想象和实施的。该研究项目将系统地记录1870年至1930年期间德国和英国青少年男子气概在学校寄宿中应用的语义和实践。通过仔细研究英国传统寄宿学校哈罗(Harrow)或德国改革寄宿学校施洛斯比伯斯坦(Schlos Bieberstein)等精心挑选的例子，这项研究将问：1.寄宿学校的教育者和教师宣传了哪些青少年男子气概的概念？他们如何将这些想法与其他性别概念区分开来？不同说话者的社交倾向有什么影响？2.在不同的寄宿学校中，男子汉气概实际上是以什么形式出现的？成为一个男人的实践与寄宿学校作为精英、改革派或宗教机构的社会功能有什么联系？3.德国和英国青少年男子气概的概念和社会实践之间存在哪些差异，哪些跨国相互依存关系？女性解放或第一次世界大战等历史事件有什么影响？通过回答这些问题，这项研究项目将有助于就当代青年和男子气概历史展开根本性辩论。它将探索青少年男子气概的(新)概念是如何在19世纪末出现的，并解释他们在接下来的几十年里的转变是如何与社会阶层和宗教等因素以及更广泛的历史背景相联系的。此外，这项研究将为长期被忽视的问题--社会实践在塑造男人中所起的作用--提供历史答案。预计，尽管存在明显的差异，但青少年男子气概的概念和做法将相互影响。最后，通过比较德国和英国，该研究项目将分析西欧男性气概的结构异同，从而检验高度现代性的概念及其相关主张。