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Realism about Collective Agents: The Current Debate about the Nature of Collective Action and its Relation to Medieval Political Philosophy

关于集体行动的现实主义：当前关于集体行动的本质及其与中世纪政治哲学的关系的争论

基本信息

批准号：
354985420
负责人：
Dr. Anselm Spindler
金额：
--
依托单位：
Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/354985420?language=en
关键词：
Realism about Collective Agents Current

项目摘要

Many philosophers believe that not just individuals, but also groups can be intentional agents: They act for reasons, and this implies a kind of authorship on the basis of which they can be held responsible for their actions. This may not be true of collections of uncoordinated individuals, in the case of which certain descriptions of their actions are mere metaphors for a number of individuals accidentally doing the same thing ("The stock market reacts to the developments in the Far East."). But it is true of groups which set themselves up in a certain manner and which therefore constitute collective agents that can, quite independently of their individual members, do something intentionally and be held responsible for it. To say that Great Britain leaves the EU is clearly not a metaphor for a number of individuals accidentally doing the same thing, but a quite literal description of an action of a collective agent. We share this "realism" about collective agents (List/Pettit 2011) with medieval political philosophy; contrary to the common assumption that medieval political philosophy is merely an extension of Christian-Aristotelian virtue ethics. During my visiting fellowship at the LSE, I will investigate how the current debate about collective action relates to the political philosophy of authors like Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padua, and William of Ockham. For these authors, politics is the answer to problems of collective action; and collective action is a matter of the political organization of social groups. This project offers at a new understanding of medieval political philosophy, a broadening of the history of ideas of the concept of collective action, and a new perspective on central issues in the current debate about the nature of collective action.

许多哲学家认为，不仅是个人，而且群体也可以成为故意的代理人：他们的行为是有原因的，这意味着一种作者身份，在这种身份的基础上，他们可以为自己的行为负责。对于一群不协调的个人来说，情况可能并非如此，在这种情况下，对他们行为的某些描述仅仅是对许多人无意中做同样事情的隐喻(股票市场对远东的事态发展做出了反应)。但是，对于以某种方式建立自己并因此构成集体代理人的团体来说，这种集体代理人可以完全独立于其个人成员，有目的地做某事，并对其负责。说英国退出欧盟显然不是对许多无意中做同样事情的个人的比喻，而是对集体代理人行为的相当字面的描述。我们与中世纪政治哲学分享了关于集体代理人的“现实主义”(List/Pettit 2011)；与中世纪政治哲学仅仅是基督教-亚里士多德美德伦理学的延伸的普遍假设相反。在伦敦政治经济学院访问期间，我将调查当前关于集体行动的辩论与托马斯·阿奎那、帕多瓦的马西利乌斯和奥卡姆的威廉等作家的政治哲学之间的关系。对这些作者来说，政治是集体行动问题的答案；集体行动是社会团体的政治组织问题。这一项目提供了对中世纪政治哲学的新理解，拓宽了集体行动概念的思想史，并对当前关于集体行动性质的辩论中的核心问题提出了新的观点。