Migrants and Patrons between North-Eastern Pakistan and Kuwait: Shia Networks and Transnational Spaces

本项目考察了什叶派穆斯林网络在巴基斯坦有争议的吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦和科威特边境地区之间产生的跨国空间。它还关注这些跨国空间如何影响吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的地缘政治关键地区。科威特是巴尔蒂斯坦移民到海湾国家的主要目的地之一，科威特什叶派组织在巴尔蒂斯坦的发展工作中占有一席之地。 巴尔蒂斯坦与科威特的关系与其他什叶派占多数的国家，如伊朗，仅限于在伊朗学校为巴尔蒂斯人提供宗教教育，以及巴林，巴尔蒂斯人去那里工作，但迄今为止尚未导致巴林发展组织对巴尔蒂斯坦的任何兴趣。该项目的论点是，什叶派网络创造的跨国空间提高了地方、区域、国家和国际各级参与者的地位。本项目研究这些跨国空间，它们所包含的世界秩序的想法和它们的相互联系。

This project examines the transnational spaces produced by Shia Muslim networks between the Pakistani disputed border area of Gilgit-Baltistan and Kuwait. It also focuses on how these transnational spaces impact on the geopolitically crucial region of Gilgit-Baltistan. Kuwait is one of the main destinations for Baltistan migration to the Gulf countries and Kuwaiti Shia organizations have gained a presence in developmental work in Baltistan. The relations Baltistan enjoys with Kuwait are very different from those with other Shia majority countries such as Iran, limited to providing religious education to Baltis in Iranian schools, and Bahrain, where Baltis go to work but, as far has not yet led to any interest of Bahraini developmental organizations in Baltistan. The argument of this project assumes that the production of transnational spaces by Shia networks enhances the position of the actors involved at local, regional, state and international levels. This project investigates these transnational spaces, the ideas of world ordering they contain and their interconnectedness.