'My Lady is Building you a House': The Role of Women as Architectural Patrons and Designers in Scotland, c. 1660 to 1720

我的论文将探讨苏格兰精英女性在建筑赞助人和设计师中的角色。1660年至1720年，斯图亚特王朝复辟后，直到与英格兰联盟的最初几十年。它将争辩说，精英女性是积极和固执己见的赞助人，广泛参与建筑物的设计，委托和建造，包括乡村房屋，城市财产和教堂，有时代表缺席的男性亲属或配偶，但通常作为其家庭的法定户主。我将探讨苏格兰精英女性之间的建筑赞助的广泛的文化运动，并研究这种赞助如何为妇女提供机会，表达自己的权威和机构在17世纪苏格兰社会的范围内。我将断言，恢复后的社会，经济和政治不稳定的苏格兰创造了机会，精英女性参与建筑设计和赞助，远远超过以前承认的程度。我将建立精英女性顾客在恢复后的苏格兰的深远影响，通过审查妇女委托的建筑类型，妇女塑造的佣金和建设的方式，他们的建设动机，以及阶级，头衔，年龄和婚姻状况对他们承担的角色的影响作为顾客和设计师。我的研究将结合对女性建筑赞助的不同研究，并探索像布克卢赫公爵夫人这样的个人赞助如何（1651-1732），汉密尔顿（1631-1716）和劳德代尔（1626-98）和女士们布鲁斯（d.1699），Nairne（1669-1747）和Panmure（1668-1731）与这一时期苏格兰，英格兰和欧洲大陆精英女性赞助的更广泛趋势保持一致，并与之不同。我将确定更广泛的趋势，在这一时期的苏格兰妇女的建筑赞助，并探讨社会和家庭网络的重要性，传播知识和建立品味。通过研究这些妇女的投入和成就，我们将开始看到的趋势，这将提高我们的理解都在17世纪的苏格兰和更广泛的建筑物的设计和委员会在这一时期的精英女性的实用和审美教育和利益。我将通过比较透镜来看待我的主要案例研究，考虑到我们所知道的英国和其他欧洲国家，如法国，意大利和荷兰的精英女性建筑赞助。这项研究还为进一步探索非精英妇女在建筑委员会和相关行业中的作用创造了机会。

My thesis will explore the roles of elite Scottish women as architectural patrons and designers during the period c. 1660 to 1720, after the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy until the early decades of the Union with England. It will argue that elite women were active and opinionated patrons and were widely involved with the design, commissioning and construction of buildings, including country houses, urban properties and churches, sometimes on behalf of an absentee male relative or spouse but often as the head of their family suo jure. I will explore the broad cultural movement of architectural patronage among elite Scottish women and examine how this patronage provided opportunities for women to express their authority and agency within the confines of 17th-century Scottish society. I will assert that the social, economic and political instability of post-Restoration Scotland created opportunities for elite women to engage with architectural design and patronage to a far greater extent than previously acknowledged. I will establish the profound influence of elite female patrons in post-Restoration Scotland by scrutinising the types of building women commissioned, the ways women shaped commissions and construction, their motivations for building, and the impact of class, titles, age, and marital status on the roles they assumed as patrons and designers. My research will unite disparate strands of study on women's architectural patronage and explore how the patronage of individuals like the Duchesses of Buccleuch (1651-1732), Hamilton (1631-1716) and Lauderdale (1626-98) and Ladies Bruce (d.1699), Nairne (1669-1747) and Panmure (1668-1731) align with and diverge from wider trends of elite female patronage in Scotland, England and continental Europe in this period. I will identify broader trends in Scottish women's architectural patronage in this period and explore the importance of social and familial networks for the dissemination of knowledge and establishment of taste. By examining the input and achievement of these women together we will begin to see trends that will improve our understanding both of the design and commission of buildings in 17th-century Scotland and more broadly in the practical and aesthetic education and interests of elite women in this period. I will view my main cases studies through a comparative lens, taking into account what we know about elite female architectural patronage in England and other European countries, such as France, Italy and the Netherlands. This research also creates opportunities for further exploration of non-elite women's roles in architectural commissions and associated trades.