Scipio Aemilianus and the Strategies of Aristocratic Rivalry between Mid- and Late Roman Republic

关于罗马共和国后期的贵族竞争，目前尚无系统的研究。这一点尤其值得注意，因为公元前140年代和130年代在解释一些现象方面特别有启发意义，这些现象导致了罗马政治制度在具有里程碑意义的133年之后的动态削弱。这就回避了这样一个问题：这种现象是否以及在多大程度上可以追溯到据称更稳定的共和国中期时代。此外，这还涉及一个重要的问题，即在更广泛的共和时代内对这个中间共和国进行概念化，特别是关于它的政治文化和罗马贵族以共识为导向和对抗性的行动图式的相对比例。拟议的项目将通过分析共和国后期的贵族竞争来研究这一组问题。它将系统地阐明在观察期间政治竞争中的哪些步骤是可以想象的，以及这些可以想象的步骤中哪些实际上是可以执行的(以及这种情况可能发生的基础)。因此，该项目有助于更深入地了解共和国中期到后期的过渡，特别是关于可能的破裂和延续。这项研究的核心是Scipio Aemilianus，他是观察到的几十年的主角，他的政治成功实际上是建立在关于共同职业模式的捷径之上的。然而，他不应被视为先验的特例，因为上述所有问题都将根据他的职业生涯进行审查。然而，需要确保将西皮奥的个人范围与更具结构性的解释层次联系起来，将其从属于独特的理论基础，并考虑到广泛的贵族相互关系的相互作用的多样性来对其进行分析。该项目通过专题研究的方式，同时也扩展到学术报告和文章，旨在通过对历史上一个年代性的关键时刻的详细审查来补充对罗马共和国的研究。与此同时，它的目的是为进一步讨论共和党时代后期开始的政治制度解体提供动力。例如，该项目对大众政治的早期阶段进行了一瞥，但没有说明133年政治行为模式的突然破裂。此外，强调动员危机打破罗马政治正常模式内高度平衡的成功机会的重要性，不仅可以为日益增长的部落暴力提供解释方法，也可以为共和国后期更频繁地出现杰出的贵族个人提供解释。

There is no systematic study of the aristocratic competition in the later years of the Roman mid-Republic. This is all the more remarkable as the 140s and 130s BC are particularly instructive in explaining some phenomena, which led to the dynamic weakening of the Roman political system after the landmark year of 133. This begs the question whether and to which extent such phenomena are to be traced back already to the times of the allegedly more stable mid-Republic. Furthermore, this involves the still important question of the conceptualization of this mid-Republic within the wider republican era, particularly regarding its political culture and the relative proportion of consensus-orientated and confrontational action schemata of Roman aristocrats. The proposed project will examine this set of questions by analyzing the aristocratic competition within the later mid-Republic. It will systematically clarify which steps within the politic competition during the time of observation were imaginable, as well as which of these imaginable steps were in fact enforceable (and on what basis this could have happened). Thus, the project contributes to a deeper understanding of the transition of the mid- to the later Republic, especially with regard to possible ruptures and continuities. At the heart of the study, there is Scipio Aemilianus, a protagonist of the observed decades, whose political success was based in fact on shortcuts regarding common career patterns. Nevertheless, he should not be seen a priori as an exceptional case, since all the issues outlined above are to be examined on the basis of his very career. However, it needs to be assured to interlink the individual scope of Scipio with more structural levels of interpretation, to subordinate it to a distinct theoretical foundation, and to analyze it in consideration of the broad interactional variety of aristocratic interrelationships.By means of a monographic study, but as well expanded to academic presentations and articles, the project aims to supplement research on the Roman Republic with a detailed examination of a chronologically crucial point in history. At the same time, it aims to generate impetus for further discussions on the beginning disintegration of the political system in late republican times. For example, the project takes a glance at the early stages of popular politics, without stating an abrupt rupture of political acting modes in 133. Furthermore, the emphasis on the significance of mobilizing crises for the breakup of the strongly levelled chances of success within the normal modes of Roman politics can offer explanatory approaches not only for the growing tribunician violence, but also for the more frequent appearance of preeminent aristocratic individuals in late republican times.