Scipio Aemilianus and the Strategies of Aristocratic Rivalry between Mid- and Late Roman Republic

对罗马共和中期后期的贵族竞争没有系统的研究。这一点尤其值得注意，因为公元前140年代和130年代在解释一些现象方面尤其具有启发性，这些现象导致了罗马政治体系在具有里程碑意义的133年后的动态弱化。这就引出了这样一个问题，即这种现象是否以及在多大程度上可以追溯到据称更稳定的共和国中期。此外，这涉及到一个仍然重要的问题，即在更广泛的共和时代中，对这个中期共和国的概念化，特别是关于它的政治文化和罗马贵族以共识为导向和对抗行动图式的相对比例。本计划将通过分析共和中期后期的贵族竞争来检验这一系列问题。它将系统地澄清在观察期间政治竞争中的哪些步骤是可以想象的，以及这些可以想象的步骤中哪些实际上是可执行的（以及这可能发生在什么基础上）。因此，该项目有助于更深入地了解中期到后期共和国的过渡，特别是关于可能的断裂和连续性。这项研究的核心人物是西庇阿·埃米利亚努斯（Scipio Aemilianus），他是观察到的几十年里的主角，他的政治成功实际上是基于常见职业模式的捷径。然而，不应将他先验地视为例外情况，因为上述所有问题都将根据他的职业生涯进行审查。然而，需要确保将西庇阿的个人范围与更多结构层次的解释联系起来，使其隶属于一个独特的理论基础，并考虑到贵族相互关系的广泛相互作用的多样性来分析它。通过专题研究，但也扩展到学术报告和文章，该项目旨在补充罗马共和国的研究，详细检查历史上的一个关键时间点。同时，也为进一步探讨共和后期政治制度开始瓦解的问题提供了动力。例如，该项目回顾了大众政治的早期阶段，但没有说明133年政治行为模式的突然断裂。此外，在罗马政治的正常模式中，对动员危机的重要性的强调，不仅可以为日益增长的保民暴力提供解释方法，也可以为共和时代晚期杰出贵族个人的更频繁出现提供解释方法。

There is no systematic study of the aristocratic competition in the later years of the Roman mid-Republic. This is all the more remarkable as the 140s and 130s BC are particularly instructive in explaining some phenomena, which led to the dynamic weakening of the Roman political system after the landmark year of 133. This begs the question whether and to which extent such phenomena are to be traced back already to the times of the allegedly more stable mid-Republic. Furthermore, this involves the still important question of the conceptualization of this mid-Republic within the wider republican era, particularly regarding its political culture and the relative proportion of consensus-orientated and confrontational action schemata of Roman aristocrats. The proposed project will examine this set of questions by analyzing the aristocratic competition within the later mid-Republic. It will systematically clarify which steps within the politic competition during the time of observation were imaginable, as well as which of these imaginable steps were in fact enforceable (and on what basis this could have happened). Thus, the project contributes to a deeper understanding of the transition of the mid- to the later Republic, especially with regard to possible ruptures and continuities. At the heart of the study, there is Scipio Aemilianus, a protagonist of the observed decades, whose political success was based in fact on shortcuts regarding common career patterns. Nevertheless, he should not be seen a priori as an exceptional case, since all the issues outlined above are to be examined on the basis of his very career. However, it needs to be assured to interlink the individual scope of Scipio with more structural levels of interpretation, to subordinate it to a distinct theoretical foundation, and to analyze it in consideration of the broad interactional variety of aristocratic interrelationships.By means of a monographic study, but as well expanded to academic presentations and articles, the project aims to supplement research on the Roman Republic with a detailed examination of a chronologically crucial point in history. At the same time, it aims to generate impetus for further discussions on the beginning disintegration of the political system in late republican times. For example, the project takes a glance at the early stages of popular politics, without stating an abrupt rupture of political acting modes in 133. Furthermore, the emphasis on the significance of mobilizing crises for the breakup of the strongly levelled chances of success within the normal modes of Roman politics can offer explanatory approaches not only for the growing tribunician violence, but also for the more frequent appearance of preeminent aristocratic individuals in late republican times.