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Unraveling mechanisms of microbial community assembly using naturally replicated microbiomes

使用自然复制的微生物组揭示微生物群落组装的机制

基本信息

批准号：
381205788
负责人：
Dr. Verena Brauer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Aquatische Mikrobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/381205788?language=en
关键词：
Unraveling mechanisms microbial community assembly

项目摘要

Microbial consortia fulfill important functions for human health, industrial biotechnology and global climate regulation. It is often believed that the species and functional composition of microbial communities is controlled by neutral as well as deterministic assembly processes. The proposed research aims at obtaining a systematic understanding of the relative impact of these processes depending on the taxonomic diversity of the community, the degree of functional specialization of individual taxa, and the scale of ecological organization. Specifically, it will test the hypotheses that(i) neutral processes are more important for more taxon-rich communities, whereas deterministic processes are more important for taxon-poor communities of the same size.(ii) neutral processes are more important for substrate generalists, whereas deterministic processes are more important for substrate specialists. (iii) neutral processes are more important within functional groups, whereas deterministic processes are more important between functional groups. To test these hypotheses the proposed research will make use of a unique system, microbial consortia that have recently been discovered within tiny water droplets at Pitch Lake, the largest natural oil seep of the world situated in Trinidad and Tobago. These microbiomes are ideal for the study of community assembly as they represent naturally replicated communities that have evolved for a long period in isolation and within a spatially and temporally homogeneous environment. The project will proceed by isolating and determining the taxonomic composition of 100 water droplet communities using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Individual taxa will then be assigned to groups of similar ecological function based on their functional genes, which will be determined by sequencing the mini-metagenomes of several water droplets microbiomes using single-cell techniques. Finally, stochastic simulations will be applied to generate synthetic communities with neutral taxon and functional group patterns. This allows for a statistical comparison of neutral and observed data and for a discrimination between neutral and deterministic processes with respect to community size, substrate specialization and the level of ecological organization. The obtained insights will further advance our ability to predict and manage complex microbial communities.

微生物菌群在人类健康、工业生物技术和全球气候调节方面发挥着重要作用。人们通常认为，微生物群落的物种和功能组成是由中性和确定性组装过程控制的。拟议的研究的目的是获得一个系统的了解这些过程的相对影响取决于分类多样性的社会，功能专业化的程度，个别类群，和生态组织的规模。具体而言，它将检验以下假设：（i）中性过程对于分类单元丰富的群落更重要，而确定性过程对于相同规模的分类单元贫乏的群落更重要。（二）中性过程对于衬底通才更重要，而确定性过程对于衬底专家更重要。（三）中性过程在功能组内更重要，而确定性过程在功能组之间更重要。为了验证这些假设，拟议中的研究将利用一个独特的系统，即最近在位于特立尼达和托巴哥的世界上最大的天然石油渗漏----沥青湖的微小水滴中发现的微生物财团。这些微生物组是研究群落组装的理想选择，因为它们代表了在空间和时间上均质的环境中长期孤立进化的自然复制群落。该项目将通过16 S rRNA基因扩增子测序分离和确定100个水滴群落的分类组成。然后，将根据功能基因将单个分类群分配到具有相似生态功能的组中，这将通过使用单细胞技术对几个水滴微生物组的微型宏基因组进行测序来确定。最后，随机模拟将被应用于生成具有中性分类群和功能群模式的合成社区。这使得统计比较中性和观察到的数据和中性和确定性的过程之间的歧视方面的社区规模，基板专业化和生态组织的水平。所获得的见解将进一步提高我们预测和管理复杂微生物群落的能力。