Resilient in Adversity. The European Nobility in the Age of Revolution 1760-1830.

弹性是系统、企业或个人在急剧变化的环境中保持其核心目标和完整性的能力。在分析欧洲革命时期（1760-1830年）旧政权缓慢而逐渐的侵蚀时，弹性的概念似乎比静态的、被动的坚持的概念更合适，正如阿诺·梅尔（Arno Mayer）在其关于19世纪贵族精英的经典著作中所描述的那样。事实上，弹性的概念本身结合了变化、适应性和脆弱性的维度，为正在进行的过程提供了一种更加微妙和多方面的观点。此外，莱因哈特·科塞莱克的多重时间性理论和satelzeit概念（18世纪和19世纪之间的过渡时期）为比较欧洲贵族采用的增强弹性的策略、思想和网络提供了坚实的理论框架。该项目旨在填补长期存在的研究空白，并打算调查欧洲贵族在satelzeit期间为了克服逆境而表现出的韧性。它将考察社会和知识层面，特别是侧重于政治话语，家庭战略和君主忠诚之间复杂的相互作用。方法学方法结合了人物学方法和定性分析。一方面，该项目将从长远的角度考虑变革的关键因素，研究一组来自丹麦、皮埃蒙特、葡萄牙和萨克森的有影响力的贵族家庭。另一方面，它将揭示合法性的话语，关于跨国经验和在戏剧性的政治危机和革命中贵族网络的弹性加强活动。大卫•卡纳丁（David Cannadine）为英国贵族所假定的衰亡模式，对欧洲大陆有意义吗？当然，自由主义和革命思想和网络日益在欧洲蔓延；然而，与此同时，旧精英们积极地面对着补充或重塑维持先前政治秩序的制度、文化和社会正当性的挑战。君主忠诚的统一话语——一种军事和贵族的习惯，以及家长式作风、宗教传统和公共服务精神——在19世纪继续塑造着韧性。贵族精英只要认为自己有能力控制革命，就会努力领导政治和文化变革。该项目旨在证明欧洲贵族和君主制国家的弹性是革命时代变革的关键因素。

Resilience is the capacity of a system, an enterprise or a person to maintain its core purpose and integrity during dramatically changing circumstances. In analyzing the very slow and gradual erosion of the Old Regime in Revolutionary Europe (1760-1830), the notion of resilience seems more adequate than the static and passive concept of persistence, as described in Arno Mayer's classic work on the aristocratic elites in the long nineteenth century. The idea itself of resilience in fact combines dimensions of change, adaptability and vulnerability, offering a much more nuanced and multi-faceted view of the ongoing process. Furthermore, Reinhart Kosellecks theory of multiple temporalities and the concept of Sattelzeit - the transitional period between the eighteenth and the nineteenth century - provides a solid theoretical framework for comparing resilience-strengthening strategies, ideas and networks employed by the European nobilities.The project aims at filling a long lasting research gap and intends to investigate the resilience shown by European aristocracies during the Sattelzeit in order to overcome adversity. It will examine both social and intellectual dimensions, especially focusing on the complex interaction between political discourses, family strategies and monarchic loyalty. The methodological approach combines prosopographic methods with qualitative analysis. On the one hand, the project will take into account crucial agents of change from a longue durée perspective, studying a group of influential aristocratic families from Denmark, Piedmont, Portugal and Saxony. On the other hand, it will shed light on discourses of legitimacy, on transnational experiences and on resilience-strengthening activities of aristocratic networks during dramatic political crisis and revolutions.Is the paradigm of decline and fall that David Cannadine assumed for the British aristocracy a meaningful reference for continental Europe? Certainly, liberal and revolutionary ideas and networks increasingly spread throughout Europe; however, in the meantime, old elites actively faced the challenge of complementing or reinventing the institutional, cultural and social justification that sustained the previous political order. The consolidated discourse of monarchical loyalty - a military and aristocratic habitus along with paternalism, religious traditions and public service ethos - continued to shape resilience during the nineteenth century. The aristocratic elites made strong efforts to lead political and cultural transformations as long as they presumed to be able to control the revolution. This project aims to attest that the resilience of the European nobility and the monarchical state was a crucial agent of change in the Age of Revolution.