Post-War Modernity and Medical Reform. The Project of the Foundation of Medical Academies in West Germany, 1950-1970

在综合档案材料的基础上，研究项目将揭示，20世纪60年代在西德国建立的医学院校与人类学危机的暂停和医学中的不满有关，通过整体与技术和科学实践的和解。医学应该通过人类学、社会医学和心身医学（严格区别于自然医学）进行重新调整;医学院的等级结构应该被根据美国模式的系系统所取代。医学人类学（维克托·冯·魏茨泽克）和大学改革的理想对汉诺威、吕贝克和乌尔姆的医学院校项目都具有重大意义。 弗里茨·哈特曼（Fritz Hartmann，汉诺威）和图雷·冯·于克斯库尔（Thure von Uexküll，乌尔姆）等医学学院创立过程中的重要人物深受医学人类学家思想的影响，而于克斯库尔则是心身医学的重要主角。1960年代这些医学院校的建立是一个复杂的项目，涉及大学改革、医学人类学、建筑学和城市规划，因此必须以综合的方式进行分析。美国化、民主化、现代化等当代史范畴能够描述医学院的系部制、团队合作、参与和中层力量的加强等规划方面，但不足以解释医学人类学和整体话语的重要性。

On the basis of comprehensive archival material the research project will reveal, that the foundation of medical academies in West Germany in the 1960s was associated with the suspension of the anthropological crisis and the discontent in medicine through the reconciliation of holistic with technological and scientific practices. Medicine was supposed to be realigned through anthropology, social medicine and psychosomatics (in strict distinction from natural medicine); hierarchical structures at medical schools were supposed to be replaced by a department system according to the US-American model. The ideals of medical anthropology (Viktor von Weizsäcker) and university reform both were of major importance for the projects of medical academies in Hannover, Lübeck, and Ulm. Important actors in the foundation of medical academies like Fritz Hartmann (Hannover) and Thure von Uexküll (Ulm) were deeply influenced by medical anthropologist thought and, in the case of Uexküll, important protagonists of psychosomatics. The establishment of these medical academies in the 1960s was a complex project of university reform, medical anthropology, architecture, and city planning and therefore has to be analyzed in an integrative manner. Categories of Contemporary History like americanization, democratization, and modernization are able to describe aspects of planning like department system and teamwork, participation and strengthening of the middle level at medical schools, but they are not adequate to explain the importance of medical anthropology and holistic discourses.