FOR 2757: Local Self-governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era

国家的核心位于地方一级：在村庄、邻里、城市地区。这是一个超越家庭层次的社区首先制定旨在确保其继续存在的集体规则的地方。但通常这并不是唯一起作用的治理水平。在它之上，还有超地方的权力结构，范围从区域网络到帝国，它们补充地方秩序或与之竞争。申请人的前提是，自治的地方形式是特别异质和突出的，只要超地方国家存在于弱渗透模式。我们方法的核心问题是地方自治形式如何在这方面发挥作用。我们将研究与国家一级以及其他地方团体的关系，因为它们随着时间的推移而发展;自治形式的范围和空间偶然性;它们的合法化以及与执行它们的团体的组织和集体身份的相互依赖性;最后，我们将把注意力转向自治对于弱国家结构的意义。实证研究的重点将放在地方一级，迄今为止，在国家以外的治理研究中，地方一级在很大程度上被忽视。为了实现这一目标，我们将与案例研究，这些案例研究按类别结构，位于现代欧洲以外的地理区域和时间段，自中世纪晚期以来国家的特殊发展：古代和现在的全球南方。通过整合这些不同的时间框架，我们希望有助于克服现代和前现代时代之间的二分法，这往往被赋予规范的地位。我们的目标是比较分析不同的秩序配置，以及地方治理模式的类型学的发展。经验比较的结构本身就预示着方法论的洞见，因为它需要认识、处理和克服学科的局限性。从识别典型的模式和过程开始，我们希望更好地掌握局部有序配置成功的机制，同时推进理论辩论。这将使我们能够为理解国家地位和地方治理的基本要素做出跨学科贡献，这些要素至关重要，特别是在国家地位薄弱的情况下。我们希望通过采用这种历史视角获得的见解将有助于理解一个并非完全基于其自身的、显然是全新的前提条件的现在，从而将大大加强对各种治理形式的政治分析。

The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of the applicants is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to get a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, apparently completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance.