Boğazköy: Local Self-Governance in Central Anatolia from the Iron Age to the end of the Roman era (ca. 1100 BC to 400 AD)

博阿兹柯伊：从铁器时代到罗马时代末期（约公元前 1100 年至公元 400 年）安纳托利亚中部的地方自治

• 批准号: 418102801
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Andreas Schachner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Istanbul
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/418102801?language=en
• 关键词: Bo; azk; Local; Self; Governance

The long-standing excavations of the German Archaeological Institute in the ruins of the Hittite capital Hattusha (an UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site) have produced a large variety of findings and finds beyond the Late Bronze Age, especially from the entire 1st millennium BC and the 1st-4th centuries AD. Starting from the premise that social practices are reflected in archaeologically visible, material culture, these will form the basis for an investigation of local self-governance in Central Anatolia during this period. The rich archaeological material reveals strong fluctuations in statehood between egalitarian structures, local forms of state hierarchies and the integration of the settlement into large-scale imperial systems during the observation period. The changes versus the continuity in the settlement structure, the various architectural forms and other elements of material culture (especially ceramics and prestige goods) reveal what level of complexity of statehood could be achieved under the respective conditions. The archaeologically visible differences reflect the field of tension between local self-organizing and general state governance, on the basis of which the forms and the scope of self-governance can be identified. In this way, it is possible to show how society organized itself under changing political and economic conditions and to what extent governance imposed by a central state was able to shape long-lasting regional and local structures. In the absence of written traditions, the possibilities for making detailed statements are somewhat limited, but this approach makes clear, on the one hand, how certain forms of governance and self-governance are reflected in the material culture; and, on the other hand, thanks to the length of the observation period, it is possible to distinguish between constant factors with long-term effects that can hardly be influenced by individuals (e.g. geographical factors) and the elements of cultural or social developments, that can be changed through human action, and to define their respective effectiveness.

德国考古研究所在赫梯首都哈图沙（联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产）遗址中进行的长期发掘工作，产生了大量青铜时代晚期以后的发现和发现，特别是公元前一千年和公元一世纪至四世纪的文物。从社会实践反映在考古可见的物质文化中的前提出发，这些将构成对这一时期安纳托利亚中部地方自治的调查的基础。丰富的考古材料揭示了观察期间国家地位在平等结构、国家等级制度的地方形式以及定居点融入大规模帝国体系之间的强烈波动。聚落结构、各种建筑形式和其他物质文化元素（特别是陶瓷和名贵商品）的变化与连续性揭示了在各自的条件下可以实现国家地位的复杂程度。考古学上可见的差异反映了地方自治组织与一般国家治理之间的张力场，在此基础上可以确定自治的形式和范围。通过这种方式，可以展示社会如何在不断变化的政治和经济条件下组织自身，以及中央国家实施的治理在多大程度上能够塑造持久的区域和地方结构。在没有成文传统的情况下，详细表述的可能性受到一定限制，但这种做法一方面明确了某种形式的治理和自治如何在物质文化中得到体现；另一方面，由于观察期较长，可以区分难以受个人影响的具有长期影响的恒定因素（例如地理因素）和可以通过人类行为改变的文化或社会发展因素，并确定其各自的有效性。