Synthesis of P-/Si-containing (bio-) polyols and tailored catalytic nanofillers: Towards improving flame retardancy and smoke/toxicity suppression of flexible PU foams

含 P/Si 的（生物）多元醇和定制催化纳米填料的合成：提高软质 PU 泡沫的阻燃性和烟雾/毒性抑制

• 批准号: 392201417
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Bernhard Schartel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392201417?language=en
• 关键词: Synthesis; Si; containing; bio; polyols

In the case of fire the high thermal inertia of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) resulted in rapid heating of the top layer reducing time to ignition and speeding up flame spread, and thus limiting the application of FPUF in many fields. Further, burning PU releases a large amount of toxic gases such as CO, HCN, and NOx that cause human fatalities. The aim of this project is to propose novel flame retardant solutions that tackle both the reduction of heat release as well as the suppression of smoke and toxic volatiles. Flame-retarded polyols, bio-based or P-/Si-containing, and catalytic synergist consisting of a nanoparticle carrying catalytic sites, e.g. layered nanoparticle as support for metal oxides, will be synthesized, prepared and combined in FPUF. The catalytic sites are proposed to enhance charring as well as catalyse the oxidation of toxic products. The hybrid structures of nanoparticle and catalytic sites enhance the dispersion and effectivity. A comprehensive and multimethodical approach to investigate the pyrolysis, flammability, fire behaviour, fire residue, smoke generation and the release of toxic gasses will deliver a matchless deep insight. The flame retardancy modes of action will be identified, and the molecular mechanisms enhancing charring, suppressing smoke, and reducing toxic products are addressed as well. Proposing the decomposition pathways and the interactions between flame retardant, PU, and synergists are major goals of this project as well as getting an idea what mechanisms suppress smoke and reduce toxicity. The comparison of systematically varied PFUF will indicate the structure property relationships. Advanced methods will be used to support the interpretations and conclusions. The results will deliver guidelines for future development of flame retarded PFUF. Apart from the scientific objectives this project crucially stimulates the mobility of the involved researchers. Five months guest stays in the working groups will enable the scientific project employee to get a comprehensive knowledge on synthesis of flame retardants and functional nanoparticle, preparation of foam, and investigating the fire properties, and will promote the international education as well.

软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（FPUF）的高热惰性导致其在火灾情况下顶层迅速升温，缩短了着火时间，加速了火焰蔓延，从而限制了FPUF在许多领域的应用。此外，燃烧PU会释放大量有毒气体，如CO、HCN和NOx，导致人类死亡。该项目的目的是提出新的阻燃解决方案，解决减少热释放以及抑制烟雾和有毒挥发物的问题。将在FPUF中合成、制备和组合生物基或含P/Si的阻燃多元醇以及由携带催化位点的纳米颗粒组成的催化剂，例如作为金属氧化物载体的层状纳米颗粒。催化位点被提议增强炭化以及催化有毒产物的氧化。纳米粒子和催化位点的混合结构增强了分散性和有效性。一个全面和多方法的方法来研究热解，可燃性，火灾行为，火灾残留物，烟雾产生和有毒气体的释放将提供一个无与伦比的深刻见解。将确定的阻燃作用模式，以及分子机制，增强炭化，抑制烟雾，并减少有毒产品的解决。提出分解途径以及阻燃剂、聚氨酯和增效剂之间的相互作用是该项目的主要目标，并了解抑制烟雾和降低毒性的机制。系统变化的PFUF的比较将指示结构性质关系。将使用先进的方法来支持解释和结论。研究结果为今后阻燃PFUF的发展提供了指导。除了科学目标之外，该项目还极大地促进了参与研究人员的流动性。在工作组的五个月的逗留将使科学项目员工获得阻燃剂和功能纳米颗粒的合成，泡沫制备和防火性能研究的全面知识，并将促进国际教育。