'De l'aventura qe avenc' ('On the Adventure that has occurred'): The Adventure Patter in Old French and Old Provençal Narrative of the 12th Century

“De laventura qe avenc”（“关于已经发生的冒险”）：12 世纪古法语和古普罗旺斯叙述中的冒险模式

• 批准号: 392375638
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Bernhard Teuber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Romanische Philologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392375638?language=en
• 关键词: De; aventura; qe; avenc; Adventure

The proposal investigates Old French and Old Provençal verse tales from the 12th and early 13th centuries as they appear in the Lais of Marie de France, in the five subsisting chivalry romances of Chrétien de Troyes, and in the Roman de Jaufré, the only Arthurian romance in Provençal Literature. We shall show that the emerging and successful pattern of the chivalric adventure (aventure) and its narrative realizations are right on the edge between early forms of adventure in the ancient novel and its avatars in early modern romances by Ariosto and Cervantes. In Late Antiquity, novels stage the peripeties of undomesticated Fortune whose adversities the loving couple has to endure during the "time of adventure" (Bakhtin, Forms of Time), but nevertheless these adversities will be overcome thanks to benign Providence. In the Early Modern Era, however, Ariosto and Cervantes unveil the fictional or even parodistic character of their writings. In the Old French and Old Provençal texts, on the contrary, the happy ending of the adventures precisely oscillates between blind Contingency and supernatural or divine Providence. The medieval works are neither philosophical nor theological treaties; instead they intend to offer fictional entertainment which obviously differs from other literary genres of the same period. As they are based on the 'matter of Brittany' (matière de Bretagne), they appeal to the realm of Pre-Christian or even Non-Christian marvels which decisively determine the hero's actions. But there is no direct reference to the theological sphere of Christian religion. In our proposal, adventure will be analysed in its relation to a self-conscience that experiences this adventure. Adventure simultaneously conveys two experiences to the knight and possibly also to his spouse: the proof of the radical imponderability of the "path of adventure" (Xuan, Subjekt der Herrschaft 41) as well as the satisfaction of having successfully overcome a perilous situation. The certainty of having overcome threatening perils and the telling of this story are closely related to each other, irrespective of whether it is the knight himself or his delegate who are summoned to tell the story. Hence the type of experience in which both the adventure and the adventure tale is grounded will have to be elucidated. Adventure is necessarily a retrospective category because adventure has always already occurred when we learn about it ("lʼaventura que avenc", Jaufré, verse 89). Therefore adventure can be considered as a characteristically medieval mold of subjectivation by means of which the self exposes itself to foreign agencies while moving along the "path of adventure" so as to achieve social status, gender identity and even political sovereignty.

该提案调查了12世纪和13世纪初的古法语和古普罗旺斯诗歌故事，因为它们出现在玛丽·德·法兰西的莱什、克雷蒂安·德·特鲁瓦的五部现存的骑士传奇故事以及普罗旺斯文学中唯一的亚瑟王传奇故事《罗马人》中。我们将说明，骑士冒险（艳遇）的出现和成功模式及其叙事实现，正好处于古代小说中的早期冒险形式与阿里奥斯托和塞万提斯的早期现代浪漫小说中的冒险化身之间的边缘。在古代晚期，小说中上演了命运的无常，在“冒险的时刻”（巴赫金，《时间的形式》），这对相爱的夫妇不得不忍受命运的不幸，但这些不幸都会被善良的普罗维登斯克服。然而，在近代早期，阿里奥斯托和塞万提斯揭示了他们作品的虚构性，甚至是戏仿性。相反，在古法语和古普罗旺斯语的文本中，冒险的幸福结局恰恰在盲目的偶然性和超自然或神圣的普罗维登斯之间摇摆。中世纪的作品既不是哲学的，也不是神学的条约，相反，他们打算提供虚构的娱乐，这显然不同于同时期的其他文学体裁。由于它们是基于“布列塔尼事件”（布列塔尼的马蒂埃），它们呼吁前基督教甚至非基督教奇迹的领域，决定性地决定了英雄的行动。但没有直接提到基督教的神学领域。在我们的建议中，冒险将被分析为与经历这种冒险的自我良心的关系。冒险同时传达了两个经验的骑士，也可能是他的配偶：证明根本无法估量的“冒险之路”（Xuan，Subjekt der Herrschaft 41）以及满意的成功克服了危险的情况。克服危险的确定性和这个故事的讲述是密切相关的，无论是骑士本人还是他的代表被召唤来讲述这个故事。因此，冒险和冒险故事所依据的经验类型必须加以阐明。冒险必然是一个回顾性的范畴，因为当我们了解它时，冒险总是已经发生了（“l aventura que avenc”，Jaufré，第89节）。因此，冒险可以被认为是一种典型的中世纪主体化模式，通过这种模式，自我在沿着“冒险之路”前进的同时，将自己暴露在外国机构面前，以获得社会地位、性别认同甚至政治主权。