Regular Mass Spectrometric Aerosol Particle Measurements in the Upper Troposphere and Lowermost Stratosphere (AMS-CARIBIC 2)

对流层顶区域的气溶胶粒子在大气物理和化学中起着重要作用，如辐射强迫、卷云的形成和性质以及非均相化学。然而，由于技术和资金要求很高，以及对流层顶的极端大气条件，对这些颗粒的测量很稀少。在拟议项目的前身项目(AMS-CARIBIC)中，在欧洲研究基础设施IAGOS-CARIBIC(www.iagos.org)内开发了一台气溶胶质谱仪，用于定期测量汉莎航空公司飞机上的气溶胶颗粒。CARIBIC-AMS被建造、测试、表征并通过了所有必要的航空测试。该仪器已准备好于2017年5月进行首次测量飞行。虽然飞行运营已经为未来两年提供了资金，研究基础设施将再运行12-15年，但在本后续项目中，我们希望评估各自的CARIBIC-AMS数据，并在博士论文过程中解决两个重要的科学问题。工作计划包括：-CARIBIC-AMS每月在四次洲际航班上飞行一次；-建立自动数据质量和数据分析程序，使该仪器进入常规操作模式；-通过与已建立的离子束分析方法PIXE和PESA相比较，评估CARIBIC-AMS的数据；-调查暖传送带和深对流云对气溶胶粒子进入对流层顶区域的作用，包括颗粒化学物质的传输效率；-确定颗粒有机物质的来源和来源区域，利用全球大气模式ECHAM/MESSYN运行的模型解释测量数据。将对所获得的测量数据进行评估，并将通过IAGOS-CARIBIC数据库向科学界提供。

Aerosol particles in the tropopause region play an important role in atmospheric physics and chemistry, i.e. for radiative forcing, cirrus cloud formation and properties, and heterogeneous chemistry. However, due to the high technical and financial demands and the extreme atmospheric conditions at the tropopause, measurements of these particles are sparse. In the precursor project of the proposed project (AMS-CARIBIC), an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) was developed for regular measurements of aerosol particles onboard a Lufthansa aircraft within the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS-CARIBIC (www.iagos.org). The CARIBIC-AMS was constructed, tested, characterized, and passed all required aviation tests. The instrument is ready for its first measurement flight in May 2017. While the flight operation is already funded for the next two years, and the research infrastructure shall be operated for another 12-15 years, in the present follow-up project we want to evaluate the respective CARIBIC-AMS data and to address two important scientific questions in the course of a PhD thesis. The work plan includes to:- fly the CARIBIC-AMS once per month on four intercontinental flights;- establish automated data quality and data analysis procedures to bring the instrumentinto a routine operation mode;- evaluate the CARIBIC-AMS data by comparison with the established ion beam analysis methods PIXE and PESA;- investigate the role of warm conveyor belts and deep convective clouds for aerosol particle transport into the tropopause region, including the transport efficiency of particulate chemical species;- determine origin and source regions of particulate organic material, interpreting the measured data using model runs with the global atmospheric model ECHAM/MESSy.The obtained measurement data will be evaluated and will be made available to the scientific community via the IAGOS-CARIBIC database.