Using 'virtual reality'-techniques to dissect important characteristics of highspeed decision-making in archerfish

利用“虚拟现实”技术剖析射水鱼高速决策的重要特征

• 批准号: 392737747
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Stefan Schuster
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Tierphysiologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392737747?language=en
• 关键词: Using; virtual; reality; techniques; dissect

The project aims to exploit a recently established technique to address a number of exciting but previously inaccessible questions about the rapid start-decisions of hunting archerfish. After having dislodged prey with a well-aimed shot these fish very rapidly decide to launch a start manoeuvre that turns the fish right towards were their prey is later going to land and pushes it off with just the right speed to arrive simultaneously with its prey. Surprisingly, information sampled in just 40 ms of the initial falling motion is all that the fish needs for its decision. Over the past years it turned out that the archerfish's start-decisions combine enormous speed with impressive complexity. The open questions we would like to solve in appropriately designed behavioural experiments are these: Is it really possible that archerfish can design a complete detour path, that optimally guides them past obstacles, in just 100 ms? How can they so rapidly and with sufficient precision access internal maps to feed obstacle-related information into their start-decisions? On the basis of what information can archerfish buffer their 'open-loop' starts against potential later disturbances of their prey's path? What is the cue that allows the fish to monocularly and in just 40 ms detect initial distance and vertical speed of their prey? What kind of 'feedback' allows the fish to evaluate if their past decisions were appropriate or systematically wrong? How many initial-value combinations can the decision-making process handle independently? A newly established technique brings all these questions within reach. The unusual combination of complexity and speed in the archerfish decisions will make the findings particularly interesting. They will be relevant for the fundamental question of what types of networks are really needed to drive complex behaviour and they will directly lay the foundation for a direct examination of the processing in the network that elicits the starts. Appreciating that speed and complexity can go together in remarkable ways questions concepts of human decision-making but could also be exploited in technical systems.

该项目旨在利用最近建立的技术来解决一些令人兴奋但以前无法解决的问题，这些问题涉及狩猎射水鱼的快速开始决策。在用精准的射击驱逐猎物后，这些鱼很快决定启动一个启动动作，将鱼转向猎物稍后要登陆的地方，并以合适的速度将其推离，与猎物同时到达。令人惊讶的是，在最初的下落运动中仅40毫秒的采样信息就是鱼做出决定所需要的全部信息。在过去的几年里，人们发现射水鱼的开始决策结合了惊人的速度和令人印象深刻的复杂性。我们想要在适当设计的行为实验中解决的开放问题是：射水鱼真的有可能在100毫秒内设计出一条完整的绕行路线，以最佳方式引导它们通过障碍物吗？他们如何能够如此迅速和足够精确地访问内部地图，将与障碍物相关的信息输入到他们的开始决策中？基于什么信息，射水鱼可以缓冲它们的“开环”开始，以防止猎物路径的潜在干扰？是什么线索让鱼能够单目并在40毫秒内检测到猎物的初始距离和垂直速度？什么样的“反馈”能让鱼评估它们过去的决定是正确的还是系统性的错误？决策过程可以独立处理多少初始值组合？一项新建立的技术使所有这些问题触手可及。射水鱼决策的复杂性和速度的不同寻常的结合将使这些发现特别有趣。它们将与驱动复杂行为真正需要哪种类型的网络这一基本问题相关，它们将直接为直接检查引发启动的网络中的处理奠定基础。认识到速度和复杂性可以以非凡的方式结合在一起，这对人类决策的概念提出了质疑，但也可以在技术系统中加以利用。