The Dismissal of Scholars from German Universities, 1933-1945

德国大学学者被解职，1933-1945 年

• 批准号: 392933430
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Grüttner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392933430?language=en
• 关键词: Dismissal; Scholars; German; Universities; 1933

The expulsion of numerous scholars from German universities after the National Socialist takeover is quite rightly considered as a profound turning point in the history of science with effects far beyond the German-speaking countries. While it is exaggerated to speak of an 'intellectual beheading of Germany', as it is called in older publications, the loss of scientific substance was serious. Case studies on mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry show that the amount of top level scientists among the academic emigrants was disproportionately high. Nevertheless, the exact dimensions and consequences of this mass expulsion are unknown to this day. This void for German universities is expected to be filled by this submitted project.The aim of the project is to gain a comprehensive picture of the implications of the National Socialist 'cleansing policy' at German universities. To this end, the first step is to compile a directory of all university teachers who were expelled from German universities between 1993 and 1945. Simultaneously, some basic biographical information for each dismissed scholar is to be compiled.The aim of the project is the publication of a book which includes the aforementioned directory as well as an extensive analysis of the data which will have been collected. Hence, the project should not only reconstruct individual fates, but facilitate further insights due to the evaluation of the collected data. In a collectively biographical survey of the expelled scholars, it is about differentiating between the reasons for dismissal, the academic status, religion and gender, affiliation to which university and academic discipline, between emigrants and non-emigrants.Last, but not least, the project aims to give a face to those scholars who became victims of the National Socialist extermination politics or who committed suicide because of their dismissal or persecution. Furthermore, by analyzing the reasons for their dismissals, it will be possible for the first time to render accurate information on the amount of Jewish scholars within the faculty of each university as well as within the various academic disciplines before 1933.

在国家社会党掌权后，许多学者被驱逐出德国大学，这被认为是科学史上的一个深刻转折点，其影响远远超出了德语国家。虽然在较早的出版物中被称为“德国的知识分子斩首”被夸大了，但科学实质的损失是严重的。对数学、物理、生物和化学的案例研究表明，在学术移民中，顶级科学家的数量高得不成比例。然而，这种大规模驱逐的确切规模和后果至今不得而知。德国大学的这一空白有望通过这项提交的项目来填补。该项目的目的是全面了解国家社会党的“清洗政策”对德国大学的影响。为此，第一步是编制一份名录，列出1993年至1945年期间被德国大学开除的所有大学教师。同时，还将为每一位被解雇的学者编写一些基本传记资料。该项目的目标是出版一本书，其中包括上述目录以及对收集到的数据进行广泛分析。因此，该项目不仅应该重建个人的命运，而且由于对收集的数据进行评估，还应该促进进一步的洞察。在对被驱逐学者的集体传记调查中，该项目旨在区分被解雇的原因、学术地位、宗教和性别、所属大学和学术纪律、移民和非移民。最后但并非最不重要的是，该项目旨在让那些成为国家社会主义灭绝政治受害者或因被解雇或迫害而自杀的学者有面子。此外，通过分析他们被解雇的原因，将有可能第一次提供关于1933年前每所大学教职员工以及各种学术学科内犹太学者人数的准确信息。