The Dismissal of Scholars from German Universities, 1933-1945

在纳粹党接管德国后，许多学者被驱逐出德国大学，这被认为是科学史上一个深刻的转折点，其影响远远超出了德语国家。虽然说“德国的智力斩首”是夸张的，因为它被称为在旧的出版物，科学物质的损失是严重的。对数学、物理、生物和化学的个案研究表明，学术移民中高水平科学家的数量不成比例地高。然而，这种大规模驱逐的确切规模和后果至今仍不得而知。德国大学的这一空白有望被这个提交的项目所填补。该项目的目的是全面了解国家社会主义“清洗政策”在德国大学的影响。为此，第一步是编制一份1993年至1945年期间被德国大学开除的所有大学教师的名录。与此同时，将为每一位被解雇的学者汇编一些基本的传记资料，该项目的目的是出版一本书，其中包括上述目录以及对所收集的数据的广泛分析。因此，该项目不仅应重建个人的命运，而且还应通过对收集到的数据进行评估，促进进一步的了解。在对被开除学者的集体传记调查中，区分了被开除的原因、学术地位、宗教和性别、隶属于哪所大学和学科、移民和非移民。该项目旨在给那些成为国家社会主义灭绝政治受害者或因被解雇而自杀的学者一个面子，迫害此外，通过分析他们被解雇的原因，将有可能首次提供关于1933年之前每所大学教师以及各个学科中犹太学者数量的准确信息。

The expulsion of numerous scholars from German universities after the National Socialist takeover is quite rightly considered as a profound turning point in the history of science with effects far beyond the German-speaking countries. While it is exaggerated to speak of an 'intellectual beheading of Germany', as it is called in older publications, the loss of scientific substance was serious. Case studies on mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry show that the amount of top level scientists among the academic emigrants was disproportionately high. Nevertheless, the exact dimensions and consequences of this mass expulsion are unknown to this day. This void for German universities is expected to be filled by this submitted project.The aim of the project is to gain a comprehensive picture of the implications of the National Socialist 'cleansing policy' at German universities. To this end, the first step is to compile a directory of all university teachers who were expelled from German universities between 1993 and 1945. Simultaneously, some basic biographical information for each dismissed scholar is to be compiled.The aim of the project is the publication of a book which includes the aforementioned directory as well as an extensive analysis of the data which will have been collected. Hence, the project should not only reconstruct individual fates, but facilitate further insights due to the evaluation of the collected data. In a collectively biographical survey of the expelled scholars, it is about differentiating between the reasons for dismissal, the academic status, religion and gender, affiliation to which university and academic discipline, between emigrants and non-emigrants.Last, but not least, the project aims to give a face to those scholars who became victims of the National Socialist extermination politics or who committed suicide because of their dismissal or persecution. Furthermore, by analyzing the reasons for their dismissals, it will be possible for the first time to render accurate information on the amount of Jewish scholars within the faculty of each university as well as within the various academic disciplines before 1933.