Vegetation-environment pattern of evergreen broad-leaved forest

常绿阔叶林植被-环境格局

• 批准号: 05454007
• 负责人: OHSAWA Masahiko
• 金额: $ 4.61万
• 依托单位: CHIBA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454007/
• 关键词: subtropical rain forest; forest type; leaf type; evergreen broad-leaved tree; forest succession; topographical vegetation; competitive exclusion; East Asia; フェノロジー; 開葉・落葉パターン; 水分特性; リーフサイズ; 小形葉; 亜中形葉; 常緑広葉樹; 蒸散; 植生帯; 耐陰性

The subtropical/warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests which extend from tropical lower montane belt on tropical high mountains toward subtropical/warm-temperate lowland zone of humid east Asia were studied in terms of forest structure, leaf type, phenological aspects, and ecophysiological traits. The objectives of this study are to understand causatively the spatial and temporal pattern of the subtropical/warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests at various scales, and eventually to get some idea on functional types of those tree species. I have conducted, firstly, geographical analysis of the evergreen broad-leaved rain forests in east Asia, and have foud that the energy factor expressed as temperature sum value controls both forest structure and species richness in ever-humid east Asian environment. The topographical distribution pattern of the forest is largely dependent on competitive interactions among species as well as ecophysiological constraints. The competitive interrelationships among evergreen broad-leaved trees are well correlated to the leaf size, i.e., whether the tree is microphyllous or notophyllous. Therefore, various ecological behavior of the evergreens, e.g., the successional behavior, topiographical distribution, distribution along stress gradients, etc., are all well correspond to the leaf size category. Ecophysiological causation for these aspects are still going on by using portable photosynthesis measuring instrument, pressure chamber, soil moisture measuring instruments etc.

对从热带高山热带低山带向东亚湿润亚热带/暖温带低地带延伸的亚热带/暖温带常绿阔叶林的森林结构、叶型、物候和生态生理特征进行了研究。本研究的目的是在不同尺度上因果性地了解亚热带/暖温带常绿阔叶林的时空格局，并最终了解这些树种的功能类型。我首先对东亚常绿阔叶雨林进行了地理分析，发现在常湿润的东亚环境中，以温度总和值表示的能量因子控制着森林结构和物种丰富度。森林的地形分布格局很大程度上取决于物种之间的竞争相互作用以及生态生理约束。常绿阔叶树之间的竞争相互关系与叶子的大小（即该树是小叶树还是无叶树）密切相关。因此，常绿植物的各种生态行为，例如演替行为、地形分布、沿胁迫梯度的分布等，都与叶尺寸类别很好地对应。利用便携式光合作用测量仪、压力室、土壤水分测量仪等对这些方面的生态生理因果关系进行研究。

项目成果

Ohsawa, M.: "Latitudinal comparison of altitudinal changes in forest structure, leaf type, and species richness in humid monsoon Asia." Vegetatio. (1995, in press).

Ohsawa, M.：“湿润季风亚洲森林结构、叶子类型和物种丰富度的海拔变化的纬度比较。”

Billore, S.K., Ohsawa, M., Numata, M., and Okano, S.: "Microbial biomass nitrogen pool in soils from a warm temperate grassland, and from deciduous and evergreen forests in Chiba, central Japan." Biology and Fertility of Soils. 19(2-3). 123-128 (1995)

Billore, S.K.、Ohsawa, M.、Numata, M. 和 Okano, S.：“日本中部千叶市暖温带草原以及落叶和常绿森林土壤中的微生物生物量氮库。”

Ozaki, K.&Ohsawa, M.: "Successional change of forest pattern along topographical gradients in warm-temperate mixed forest in Mount Kiyosumi, central Japan." Ecological Research. (1995, in press).

尾崎，K.

Ohsawa, M.: "Forest pattern along hierarchical habitar gradients in East Asia." In Kawanabe, H., Ohgushi, T., &Higashi, M (eds.) Symbiosphere. Ecological Complexity for Promoting Biodiversity. Biology International (IUBS) Special Issue. No.29. 30-36 (1993

Ohsawa, M.：“东亚分层栖息地梯度的森林格局。”

Sakai,A.& Ohsawa,M.: "Topographical pattern of the vegetation on a river basin in a warm-temperate hilly region,central Japan" Ecological Research. 9. 269-280 (1994)

酒井，A.