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Niche differentiation, morphological and phenological traits of trees in evergreen broad-leaved forests

常绿阔叶林树木生态位分化及形态物候特征

基本信息

批准号：
10440229
负责人：
OHSAWA Masahiko
金额：
$ 3.01万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo (2000)Chiba University (1998-1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Forest structure and tree traits were studied in several subtropical/warm-temperate broad-leaved forests in southern Japan including Okinawa and Yakushima Islands, Mt. Kiyosumi, Chiba, and Mt. Dokura, Miyagi. Evergreen broad-leaved trees of tropical origin constitutes the northern limit of the latitudinal distribution in southern to central Japan. There are two groups of trees having characteristic features such as bud type (naked, hypsophyllary and scaled buds), leaf size sensu Raunkiaer, branching architecture, and niche within and between forests in the northern limit of evergreen broad-leaved forests. The canopy trees have mostly scaled-bud, notophyll, proleptic branching, and high C/N ratio of their leaves while understorey trees have hypsophyllary-bud, microphyll, sylleptic branching, and low C/N ratio. In the undersorey layer of the forest, pole stage trees of canopy species allocate more to shoot extension rather than to expand foliage surfaces in a shoot-module level while und … More erstory species allocate more to foliage expansion and thus tolerate deep shade in the undestorey layer. Branching type of trees can be categorized into two, i.e. sylleptic and proleptic. Most of the canopy species have proleptic branching with a more or less homogeneous branches in their performances (length, number of leaves). Understorey species, on the other hand, have sylleptic branching with stronger performances of the main shoot than sylleptic lateral branches. Prolepsis is more common in the northern species while syllepsis is more common in southern species in the Japanese Cinnamomum species investigated. Syllepsis is more tropical in nature in their growth habit and the trees with sylleptic branchings are found in the southern most Cinnamomum doederleinii and Cinnamomum daphnoides partly. Cinnamomum japonicum with the widest and the northern most distribution in Japan has solely proleptic branchings. The trees having leaves with high C/N ratio are more concentrate to canopy and ridge habitats while those with low C/N ratio are to understorey and valley habitat though the trend is rather weak because of the wide ranging species. It is suggested that the habitat segregation is strongly correlated with the nutrient turnover in the habitat and tree growth habit. Less

研究了日本南部包括冲绳、屋久岛、冈山等在内的几个亚热带/暖温带阔叶林的森林结构和树木性状。Kiyosumi、千叶和Mt.多仓，宫城。热带起源的万年青阔叶树构成了日本南部到中部纬度分布的北方界限。在万年青阔叶林的北方界限，有两组树木具有特有的特征，如芽类型（裸芽、叶下芽和鳞片芽）、叶片大小、分枝结构、林内和林间生态位。冠层乔木以鳞芽、背叶、前伸分枝为主，叶片C/N值高;林下乔木以高叶芽、小叶、一枝分枝为主，C/N值低。在林下层，冠层树种的极期树在枝构件水平上更多地分配给枝的延伸，而不是扩大叶面，而在冠层树种的极期树在枝构件水平上更多地分配给枝的延伸，而在冠层树种的极期树在枝构件水平上更多地分配给枝的延伸，而在冠层树种的极期树在枝构件水平上更多地分配给枝的延伸，而不是扩大叶面。 ...更多信息林下物种分配更多的叶扩展，从而容忍在林下层的深阴影。树的分枝类型可分为两类，即三段论和前摄。大多数的冠层物种有一个或多或少的同质分支在他们的表现（长度，叶数）proleptic分支。林下种，另一方面，有sylleptic分支与更强的性能的主枝比sylleptic侧枝。在所调查的日本樟属物种中，前列式在北方物种中更为常见，而前列式在南方物种中更为常见。在生长习性上，Syllepsis是热带性质的，具有Sylleptic分枝的树木在最南部的Cinnamomum doederleinii和Cinnamomum daphnoides中有部分发现。日本肉桂（Cinnamomumjaponicum）是日本分布最广、北方分布最多的一种植物，只有一个前伸枝。高C/N比的树木主要集中在林冠和山脊生境，而低C/N比的树木主要集中在林下和山谷生境，但由于物种分布广泛，这种趋势相对较弱。这表明，生境隔离与生境中的养分周转和树木的生长习性密切相关。少