Studies on Development of Energy-Saving Techniques to Distribute Fruit and Vegetables at Low Temperature, and of Package Materials Suited for Environmental Preservation

对于预冷的研究，蔬菜和水果的温度测量是非常重要的。因此，我们尝试确定一种新的温度测量方法--热摄像系统的特点，通过与常规方法的比较，利用温度计与摄像系统和传统的热电偶温度计相结合的方法，明确了各种类型蔬菜真空冷却后的温度变化，并对实际销售的水果和蔬菜预冷后的温度变化进行了测量，并根据测量数据提出了一种有效的运输包装方法。为了改善日本萝卜的预湿效果，我们开发了一种预湿方法，这种预冷方法效果不佳。我们阐明了将包装结冰应用于聚苯乙烯容器包装的水果和蔬菜，降低了成本，比真空冷却方法具有更大的节能效果。此外，我们还调查了水冷对长野县种植的西兰花的影响。我们通过使用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容器进行包装结冰的实验，阐明了绝热变化和冰量之间的关系。在尝试开发防水纸箱后，我们确定不可能将其推向市场，因为与流行的纸箱不同，它们很难在国内重复使用。因此，我们不能进行水冷实验。纸箱最常用作分发容器，不能用于水冷和包装结冰；因此，我们决定改用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容器，并对其进行初步调查。

For the study of precooling, it is important to measure the temperature of vegetable and fruits. Thus, we attempted to determine features of the thermal video system, a new method of measuring temperature, by comparing it with the conventional methodWe clarified temperature changes in vegetables of various types after vacuum cooling, by using the combination of a thermometer with the video system and a conventional therm couple thermometer.We measured temperature changes after precooling, in fruit and vegetable which were actually being distributed to the market, and proposed an effective shipping packaging method based on the measured data. We developed a prewetting method to improve the effect on Japanese radishes with which the precooling method does not provide any good results.We clarified that package icing applied to fruit and vegetables packed in a polystirene form container reduces costs, has energy greater saving effects to the vacuum cooling method. Also, we investigated the effects of hydocooling on broccoli grown in Nagano Prefecture.We clarified how the adiabatic change and amount of ice used are related, by performing an experimental package icing with polystirene foam containers.After attempting to develop waterproof cardboard boxes, we determined that it is impossible to market them since, unlike popular cardboard boxes, they are difficult to reuse domestically. Accordingly, we could not conduct an experiment on hydrocooling. Cardboard boxes most commonly used as containers for distribution, cannot be used for hydrocooling and package icing ; thus, we determined that polystirene foam containers would be used instead, performing a preliminary investigation on them.